^^ 



GEOGIUPHICAL 
QUESTIONS: 

PREPARED ESPECIALLY 

Ton 

WARKEN'S 

COMMON-SCHOOL GEOGBAPHY. 

BUT ADAPTED TO 
ALL MAPS ACCURATELY DRAWN. 



G PHILADELPHIA : 

I 1 'SI COWFERTHWAIT & CO 




1863. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.! 



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UNITED STATES OF AMERJCA. ^ 



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GEOGRAPHICAL 



QUESTIONS: 



PREPARED ESPECIALLY 

^"^^^'^ WARREN'S \li. VK,^V\ ^; 

COMMON-SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY. 



BUT ADAPTED TO 



ALL MAPS ACCURATELY DRAWN. 



PHILADELPHIA: 
n. COWPEBTHWAIT k CO, 

1864. 



Entered, accordiDg to Act of Congress, In the year 1863, by 

J. D. COTTPERTIIWAIT, Agent, 

in th« Clerk'i Office of the Dirtrict Court of the United States for the Eastern 
District of Pennsylvania. 



BTERfiOTYPED BT J. FAOAS. 



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PREFACE 



These geographical questions have been pre- 
pared in accordance with the expressed wish 
of many teachers to have a work not only suf- 
ficiently elementary for beginners, but compre- 
hensive enough for those Avho have but little 
time to devote to the study of geography. The 
aim has been to embrace mainly Physical and 
Commercial Geography, and to arrange the 
questions and answers as systematicallj^ as the 
subject would admit. 

The answers have been given to very many 
questions, when they could easily have been 
found on the map. This has been done for two 
reasons ; in the first place, that which is to be 
thoroughly committed to memory can be done 
better from a book than from a map; and, 

g^econdly, if a class are requu^ed to learn answers 

(iii) 



IT 



P R E F A C « . 



from maps, some will learn the answers in one 
order, and some in another ; so that when they 
come to recite, their memories will be confused, 
rather than benefited by the recitation. After 
a lesson has been well committed, it then should 
be fully and repeatedly explained by the pupils 
from maps. 

Many tecichers have long been jf tHe opinion 
that too much time has been given in school 
to descriptions and minute details in geography, 
and that pupils, by crowding their minds with 
isolated and unimportant facts, fail to secure a 
knowledge of that which is the most essential 
and the most valuable. 



Geography is an inexhaustible study, and 
only an outline at least can be learned in school, 
which may be filled up as leisure and inclina- 
tion may suggest. \^ 

Whatever is intended to be remembered 
should be tJiorougldij committed and frequently 
reviewed. But by attempting to grasp more 
than can be remembered with accuracy, the 
mind is weakened and confused, rather than 
strengthened by proper discipline. 



IMda.OBUCTION. 



Before, pupils begin the study of geography 
proper, the teacher should explain very fully what 
is meant by direction and distance, and how these 
may be represented bylines. This can be done 
intelligibly only by the teacher in the school-room. 
Without this explanation no pupil can enter upon 
the study of geography understandingly. 

Pupils should also be taught how to measure, 
by some linear measure, distances ; and no teacher 
should attempt to teach geography without having, 
atleast, a meridian line drawn in the school-room. 

Teachers should be very particular in explaining 
fully the meaning of all w- ords that are not familiar 
to the pupils, as they occur in their lessons, aiid 
this must be done by using such words in the ex- 
planation as the pupils fully comprehend. Such 
words as the following should especially be ex- 
plained : capital, natural, artificial, surface, horizon, 
fraety civil, political, sphere, globe, and hemisphere. 

The meaning of the words. Republic, State, 

county, city, town, and village, etc., should be fully 

1 * (^} ' 



T N T R I) U C T I X . 



and clearly illustrated, and their differences pointed 
out, so that no pupil could fail of understanding 
them ; and teachers should give special attention 
to the correct pronunciation of geographical' 
names. 

'No lesson should be considered as properly 
learned until the pupil can locate and describe 
each place, whether it be town, city, mountain, 
lake, river, etc., according to the models given, 
and also to state the direction of each place from 
two or more other important places well known. 
In giving the direction of places, it will be con- 
venient to describe the countiy, State, etc., in the 
following manner : 



And places may be de- 
scribed as being in the 
centre, or in the N., ISl. 
E., E., S. E., S., S.W., 
W., N.W., or .K:K:E., 
E. S.E., 8. S.W., W.K. 
W., from the centre. 



In teaching geography successfully, pupils sliould 
be taught to draw maps of the countrj^. State, etc., 
and to locate every place on a map of their own 
drawing. This should never be omitted ; for the 
ability to draw maps with tolerable accuracy, when 
called upon, is the best test of geographical know- 
ledge. 



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GEOGRAPHICAL aUESTIONS 



Lesson 1. 

THE EARTH. 

What is the form of the earth? 

The earth is a large round body, comp<jsed of land and 
nwiter. 

What part of the surface of the earth is land? 

About one-fourtb of the surface of the earth is laud, and 
three-fourths water. 

\Vhat_are the natural divisions of the land? 

The natural divisions of the land are continents, islands, 
peninsulas, isthmuses, capes, promontories, mountains,plaiBS, 
valleys, and shores or coasts. .: 

What is a continent? 

A continent is the largest natural division of land, com- 
prising many countries. 

What is an island ? 

An island is a tract of land entirely surrounded by water. 

What is a peninsula? 

A peninsula is a tract of land almost surrounded by 
water 

(7) 



UKOGRAPHICAL QUESTIO^O. 



Lesson 2. 

What is an istlinivis? 

An isthmus is a neck of land joining a peninsula to tlie 
main land. 

"What i3 a cape ? 

A cape is a point of land extending into the sea. 

What is a promontory,? 

A promontory is a high rocky cape. 

What is a mountain? 

A mountain is a vast elevation of land. When several 
mountains are connected together, they are called a range 
of mountains. When land rises to a small height, it U 
called -a hill. 

What is a plain? 

A plain is. a level tract of land. 

What is a valley? 

A valley is a tract of land lying between mountains or 
hills. 

What is a shore or coast? 

A shore or coast is land bordering upon a sea, lake, or 
river. 

Lesson 3. 

THE WATER. 

What are the natural divisions of water ? 

The natural divisions of water are oceans, seas, gulfs or 
bays, straits, sounds, channels, lakes, rivers, and havens or 
harbors. 

What is an ocean ? 

An ocean is the largest division of water. 



aE<>GRAPHICAL QUES TI O^S. 9 

What is a sea ? 

A sea is a division of water smaller than an ocean, and 
mostly surrounded by land. 
" 'What is a gulf or bay? 

A gulf or bay is a part of an ocean or sea extending into 
the land. 

What is a strait? 

A strait is a narrow passage of water connecting two 
large bodies of water. . 
' What is a sound ? 
^^-A sound is a passage of water so shallow, that its depth 
ifeay be easily measured. 
' What is a channel ? 

A channel is a passage of wat«r wider than a strait. 

What is a lake? / 7 ' 

A lake is a body of water sufrouhaed "By land. 

,:.::.. -:..;.jc..::. :.■ ■-■:.:: •LessonA 
What is a river? 

A river is a large stream of water flowing from high land 
into some other body of water. Small streams are called 
brooks, rivulets, creeks or rills. 

Note. — The place where a river rises is called its source. The 
place where it empties is called its mouth. 

When rivers enter into the sea by several mouths, the land in- 
cluded between those mouths is called a delta. 

The right bank of a river is on the right hand, and the left 
biink on the left hand, going down the stream. 

From the mouth of a river towards its source is up, and from 
its source towards its mouth is down. 

A steep, rapid descent of a river is called rajyids or falU. A 
»mall waterfall is called s cascade : a great.one, a cataract. 



10 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS 



What is a haven or harbor? 

A haven or harbor is a small part of the sea where shipa 
may anchor safely. 

How many continents are there? 

There are two continents, the eastern and the western. 

What do they comprise ? 

The eastern continent comprises the grand divisions of 
Europe, Asia, and Africa. The western continent com- 
prises the grand divisions of North and South America. 

Note. — Australia, the largest island in the world, is by some 
called a continent. 

Lesson 5. 

NORTfl AMERICA. 
What are the political divisions of North America, and their 
capitals ? 

The political divisions of North America and their 
capitals are : 

Countries. Capitals. 

Russian America, Sitka, 

British America, Ottawa, 

Greenland, Litchenfels, 

United States, Washington, 

Central America, Cojutepeque, 

Mexico, Mexico. 

What division in the northwest ? 

What division in the north ? in the northeast ? in the centre ? 
in the south ? in the southwest ? 

What bounds North America on the north ? What on the 
east? What ocean on the southwest and west? 

Lesson 6. 

MOUNTAINS. 
What mountains in North America? 

The Rocky mountains and the Alleghany range. The 
Alleghany range is in the eastern part of the TJnited States. 



10 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 



11 



The Rocky mountains are in the western part of North 
AmeUcsL, and are called, in Mexico, Sierra Madre and 
Sierra Nevada. 

"What islands in North America 1 

Baring, 

Prince Edward, 

Greenland, 
. Iceland, 

Newfoundland, 

Cape Breton, 

NoTK. — Locate and describe each island, by stating where 
it is situated, and by what waters it is surrounded. 

Model. — Greenland is in the northeastern part of North America, 
having the Atlantic Ocean on the east and south, Baffin's Bay 
"and Davis's Strait on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north. 



Bermudas, 
Bahamas, 
Vancouver Island, 
Washington, 
Southampton, 
West Indies. 



Lesson 7. 

CAPES. 

What are the principal capes of North America? 



Cape Farewell, 
Cape Race, 
Cape Sable (N. S.), 
Cape Ann, 
Cape Cod, 
Cape Hatteras, 



Cape Lookout, 
Cape Fear, 

Cape Sable (Florida), 
Cape San Lucas, 
Cape Prince of Wales. 



Note. — ■ Locate and describe each cape after the model. 
Model. — Cape Race is the southeastern extremity of Newfound- 
land, and extends south into the Atlantic Ocean. 

PENINSULAS. 
"What peninsulas in North America? 

Labradorj Yucatan, 

Nova Scotia, Lower California, 

Florida, Alaska. 



It CEOGRAPIIICAL QUESTIONS. 

Note. — Locate and describe each peninsula after the model. 

Model. — Nova Scotia is in the eastei'n part of North America, 
having the Gulf of St. La-vvrence on the north, the Atlantic Ocean 
on the east and south, and the Bay of Fundy on the west. 

Lesson 8. 

SEAS, GULFS, AND BAYS. 
What seas, gulfs, and bays in North America? 

Polar Sea, Gulf of Mexico, 

Baffin's Bay, Carribbean Sea, 

Hudson's Bay, Bay of Honduras, 

James's Bay, Bay of Cainpeclie, 

Gulf of St. Lawrence, Gulf of California. 

Note. — Locate and describe each after the model. 
Model. — Hudson's Bay is north of the centre of British America, 
»nd opens intp the Atlantic Ocean through Hudson's Strait. 

What are the principal straits in North America ? 

Davis's Strait, Windward Passage, 

Hudson's Strait, Mona Passage, 

Strait of Bellisle, Cliannel of Yucatan, 

Florida Strait, Bbering's Strait. " 

Note. — Locate and describe each after the model; ;.. .....: 

Model. — ■ Bhering's Strait is in the northwestern part of North 
America, and connects the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, and sepa^ 
rates North America from Asia, and is about 36 miles wide. 

RIVETwS. 
What are the principal rivers in North America? 

Mackenzies, Red, .,, 

Nelson, Rio Grande,- -//J 

St. Lawrence, Colorado, 4 

Mississippi, Columbia, ^ •-{ i 

MissoTiri, Fra.«er's. .r\ j] 



Q15 6QR A PIIIC AL Q U E S T I O If 8 



18 



NoTB. — Locate and describe each after the model. 

AfodeL — Mackenzies River is the outlet of Great Slave Lake, 
•which is near the centre of British America, and runs northwest, 
and empties ihto the Arctic Ocean. 

Lesson 9. 

UNITED STATES. 

How many States are there? 

There are thirty -five States, divided into Eastern, Mid- 
dle, Southern, and Western States. 

How many are there in each division? 

There are six Eastern, four Middle, elcvcu Southern, 
and fourteen Western States. 

What are the names and capitals of each? 



KASTBIRN STATK! 



states. 

Maine, 

New Hampshire, 

Vermont, 

Massachusetts, 

Rhode Island, 
Connecticut, 



CapitaljJ. 

Augusta, 
Concord, 
Montpelier, 
Boston, 

{Providence, 
Newport, 
Hartford, 
ew Haven, 






Situation. 

On Kennebec Kiver. 
On Merrimac River. 
On Wiuooski River. 
On Boston Harbor. 
On Providence River. . 
On Narragansett Bay. 
On Connecticut River. 
On New Haven Bay. 



states. 

New York, 

New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, 
Delaware^ - 

9 



Lesson 10. 

MIDDLE STATES. 



Capitals, 

Albany, 
Trenton, 
Harrisburg. 
Dover, 



Situation. 

On Hudson River. 
On Delaware River. 
On Susquehanna River. 
On Jones's Creek. 



u 



• EOGRAPHICAL QUESTIOIfS. 



SOUTHERN STATES. 



Maryland, 

Virginia, 

West Virginia, 

Nortli Carolina, 

South Carolina, 

Georgia, 

Florida, 

Alabama, 

Mississippi, 

Louisiana, 

Texas, 



Annapolis, 

Richmond, 

AVheeling, 

Raleigh, 

Columbus, 

Milledgeville, 

Tallahassee, 

Montgomery, 

Jackson, 

Baton Rouge, 

Austin, 



On Severn River. 
On James River 
On Ohio River, 
Near Neuse River. 
On Congaree E.iver. 
On Oconee River. 
North of Apalachee Bay. 
On Alabama River. 
On Pearl River. 
On Mississippi River. 
On Colorado River. 



Lesson 11. 



WESTERN STATES. 



Michigan, 

Wisconsin, 

Minnesota, 

Ohio, 

Indiana, 

Illinois, 

Iowa, 

Kentucky, 

Tennessee, 

Missouri, 

Arkansas, 

Kansas, 

California, 

Oregon, 



Lansing, 

Madison, 

St. Paul, 

Columbus, 

Indianapolis, 

Springfield, 

Des Moines, 

Frankfort, 

Nashville, 

Jefferson City, 

Little Rock, 

Topeka, 

Sacramento, 

Salem, 



On Grand River. 
On Fourth Lake. 
On Mississippi River. 
On Scioto River. 
On west fork of White R. 
Near Sangamon River. 
On Bes Moines River. 
On Kentucky River. 
On Cumberland River 
On Missouri River. 
On Arkansas River. 
On Kansas River. 
On Sacramento River. 
On Willamette River. 



Note. — Bound and describe each State? 



e E O GRAPHICAL Q U E S T I OT? S . 



15 



How many Ter 
There are ten 

TtTiitoritfs. 

^Vasliington, 

Idaho, 

Dakota, 

Nebraska, 

Colorado, 

Indian, 

New jVlexico, 

Arizona, 

Utah, 

Nevada, 



Lesson 12. 

TKRUITOKIKS. 
ritories are there ? 
Territories, as follows: 



Capitis. 

Olympia, 

Bannock City. 

Yankton, 

Omaha City, 

Denver, 

Tahleqnah, 

Santa Fe, 

Tucson, 

Salt Lake City, 

Virginia City, 



Situation. 

On Puget's Sound. 

On Missouri River. 
On Missouri Kiver. 
Cherry Creek. 
Near Carson lliver. 
Near the Rio Grrande. 
South of Gila River. 
Near G-reat Salt Lake. 
Near Carson River. 



Lesson 13. 

What bounds the United States on the noi-th? What ocean on 
the east? What gulf on the south? What ocean on the west? 
What country on the southwest ? Which is the most northeastern 
Slate ? Which is the most soiithern? Which is the most western ? 
Which is the most northwestern? What thirteen States border 
on the Atlantic Ocean ? What five States border on the Gulf of 
Mexico ? What States and Territories border on the Pacific 
Ocean ? 

Which is the largest State in the Union ? 

Texas. 

Which is the smallest? 

How many States as large as Rhode Island would Texas 
make ? 

More than 170. 



16^ GEOGRAPHIC At QUESTIONS, 

How many aa large as Massachusetts? 
More than 30. 

What number of States as large as Connecticut will California 
make? 

Nearly 40. 

Lesson 14. 

EASTERN OR NEW ENGLAND STATES. 

What are the Eastern or New England States? 

What bounds Maine on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 

Nqtk. — Locate and describe, ejjch river, lake., mountain, bay, 
island, town or city, after the models givpn. 

What rivers in Maine ? . , . 

St. Jolin, . . . Kennebec, 

St. Croix, Androscoggin, . 

Penobscot, Saco. 

Model. — St. John lliver rises in the Highlands, between Maine 
and Canada, and runs in a southeasterly direction, foj:ming the 
northeast boundary between Maine and Canada East for about 
*.)(>: miles, • and empties into the Bay of Fundy. :■■/- 

What lakes in Maine ? " " ' 

Cbesuncook, "Scboodic, 

, , Mopsebead, • Sebago, 

Grand, Umbagog. 

Model. — Moosehead Lake is west of the centre of the State, 
and has the Kennebec River for its outlet. 

Lesson 15. 

What mountains in Maine? 

Mt. Katahdin and Green Mountains. 

Model. — Mt. Katahdin is near the centre of tlae Stftt*. east of 
C-hesuneook Lak». 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 17 

\Miat bays in Maine ! 

Passamaquoddy, Frendunan^s 

Machias, Penobscot, 

EngMshmaii^s, Casco Bay. 

ilodel. — Casco Bay is in the southwestern part of Maine, «ad 
opens into the Atlantic Ocean. 

What islands on the coast of Maine? 

Grand Menah, Deer, 

Mt. Desert, Fox. 

Model. — Deer Island is in the eastern part of Penobscot Bay, 
and is surrounded by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. 

What are the principal towns in Maine? 

Augusta, Hallowell, 

Portland, Eastport, 

Bangor, Machias, 

BatH, Lewistown, 

Gardiner, Saco, 

Model. — Portland is in the southwestern part of the State, oa 
Casco Bay, and is northeast from Boston. 

Lesson 16. 

What bounds New Hampshire on the north T ll&st ? South ? 
West? 

Wha,t rivers in New Hampshire ? 

Connecticut, Nashua, 

Merrimac, Pemigewasset 

What mountains in New Hampshire ? 

White Mountains and Mt. Monadnock. 

What lake in New Hampshire? 

'WinnipisfeOgee. 



18 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

What are the principal towns in New Hampshire? 
Concord, Exeter, 

Dover, Great Falls, 

Maiicliester, Hanover, 

Portsmouth, Nashua. 

What bounds Vermont on the north ? East? South? West? 
What rivers in Vermont ? 

Connecticut, Lamoille, 

Missisque, Winooski. 

What mountains in Vermont? 

Green Mountains. 

What are the principal towns in Vermont? 

MoNTPELTER, Bennington, 

Burlington, Middlebury, 

Brattleboro, Vergennes. 

Lesson 17. 

Whatbounds Massachusetts on the north? East? South? West? 
What rivers in Massachusetts ? 

Connecticut, Blackstone, 

Merrimac, Housatonic. 

What bays on the coast of Massachusetts? 

Massachusetts and Buzzard's Bay. 

What capes in Massachusetts? 

Cape Ann, Cape Cod, and Cape Malabar. 

What isliands southeast of Massachusetts ? 

Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and Elizabeth Islands. 

What are the principal towns in Massachusetts? 
Boston, Salem, 

Lowell, Plymouth, 

Charlestown, New Bedford, 

Cambridge, , Worcester, 

Koxbury, Springfield. 



GfiOOBAffllCAL QUESTIONS. 19 

Lesson 18. 

What bounds Rhode Island on the North? East? South? 
West ? 

What rivers in Rhode Island? 

Blackstone and Providence. 

What bay in Rhode Island? 

Narragansett. 

What islands in Rhode Island ? 

Khode and Block Islands. 

What are the principal towns in Rhode Island? 

Providence, Grreenwicli, 

Newport, Warren, 

Bristol, Smithfield. 

What bounds Connecticut on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 

What rivers in Connecticut? 

Connecticut, Farmington, 

HoTisatonic, Thames. 

What are the pi-incipai towns in Connecticut? 

Hartford, Norwich, ' 

New Haven, New London, 

Bridgeport, Middletown. 

Lesson 19. 

REVIEW OF THE EASTERN STATES. 

Which is the largest State ? Which is the smallest ? 

How many States of the size of Rhode Island would Maine 
make? 

More than twenty-five. 

For what is Maine distinguished? 

Maine is distinguished for its fine harbors and extensive 
forests, 



20 GEOGRAPHICAL QTlESTlONg. ! 

i 

"What aro the principal exports of Maine? ' 

The principal exports of Maine are lumber, granite, Ilffia,* 
and potatoes. '' 

For what is New Hampshire noted? 

New Hampsliire is noted for the magaiiicent scenery of 
its mountains, and tlie abundance of its granite. 

Its chief source of wealth consists in the manufactures'^ 
of cotton and wool, and in agricultural products. It has 
but 18 miles of sea coast. 

What may be said of Vermont? 

Vermont derives its name from the mountains that pass ' 
through the State. ' 

Its chief source of wealth is farming, raising live stocky- 
wool, and the manufacture of maple sugar. 

What are the principal exports of Vermont? 

Wool, butter, cheese, and maple sugar are the principal 
exports of Vermont. 

Xejsson 20. 

What may be said of. Massachusetts? 

Massachusetts is a populous and wealthy State. Its 
chief source of wealth consists in the manufacture of 
cotton and woollen goods, and large quantities of boots and 
shoes. It has a very large commerce, second only to New 
York. 

What may be said of Khode Island? 

Rhode Island is the smallest State in the Union. The 
manufacture of cotton and woollen goods, iron, and jewelry, 
are the chief sources of its wealth. 

What may be said of Connecticut? 

Connecticut derives its principal wealth from the mnnn- 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 21 

facture of cotton and woollen goods, and a great variety of 
useful articles; such as paper, coaches, buttons, combs, 
and clocks. 

Lesson 21. 

What is the highest peak of the White Mountains ? 
- Whaib lake is partly in Vermont and partly in Canada ? 

What river unites the waters of Winnipiseogee Lake with 
Merrimac River ? 
j ,yTo what system or range do the Green Mountains belong? 

The Green Mountains are the continuation of the Alle- 
ghany range. 
:; nyWhat island is southeast of New Hampshire ? 

What peninsula is the southeastern extremity of Massachu- 
setts ? . 

What sound and island south of Connecticut? 

To what State does Long Island belong? 

|; Long Island belongs to New York. It is 140 miles in 
length. 

What towns in Massachusetts are noted in its early history t 
Plymouth is noted as the place where the Pilgrim 
Fathers first landed. At Concord, Lexington, and Charles- 
town were fought the first battles of the Revolution. 

Lesson 22. 

MIDDLE STATES. 
Which are the Middle States? 

What bounds New York on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 
What rivers in New York ? 

St. Lawrence, Susquehanna, 

Hudson, Chenango, 

Mohawk, Genesee, 

Delaware, Oswego, 

Black, Sarauae. 



22 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONSV 



What lakes in New York ? 




Erie, 




Long, 


Ontario, 




Oneida, 


Champlain, 




Cayuga, 


George, 




Seneca, 


Black, 




Chautauqua. 


What mountains in 


New York ? 




Adirondack, 




Highlands, 


Catskill, 




Mount Tahawus. 



Lesson 23. 

What are the principal towns in New York? 

Albany, ^ Syracuse, 

New York, Rochester, 

Brooklyn, Canandaigua, 

Buffalo, Oswego, 

Troy, Dunkirk, 

Utica, Elmira. 

WhatboundsNew Jersey on the north? East? South? West? 

What rivers in New Jersey ? 

Delaware, Hudson, 

Passaic, Raritan. 

What capes in New Jersey? 

Sandy Hook and Cape May. 

What Kays in New Jersey? 

Great and Little" Egg Harbors. 

What are the principal towns in New Jersey ? 

Trenton, Jersey City, 

Newark, Paterson, 

New Brunswick, Princeton. 



QEOQRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 2$ ' 

Lesson 24. 

What bounds rennsylvania on the north ? East ? South t 
West? 

What are the principal rivers in Pennsylvania ? 

Lehigh, Susquehanna, 

Schuylkill, Alleghany, 

Delaware, Monongahela. 

What mountains in Pennsylvania ? 

Alleghany Mountains, Laurel Ridge, 

Blue Mountains, Chesnut Ridge. 

What are the principal towns in Pennsylvania? 

Harrisburg, Chambersburg, 

Philadelphia, Carlisle, 

Lancaster, Erie, 

Reading, Alleghany City, 

Pittsburg, Easton. 

What bounds Delaware on the north? East? South? 
West ? 

What rivers in Delaware? 

Delaware, Nanticoke. 

What cape and bay in Delaware? 
Delaware Bay and Cape Henlopen. 
What are the principal towns in Delaware ? 
Dover, New Castle, 

Wilmington, Smyrna. 

Lesson 25. 

REVIEW OF THE MIDDLE STATES. 
What cataracts or falls in New York? 
Niagara Falls on Niagara River, between Lake Erie and 



^ GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Ontario, are the most noted in the world. Thei^ ar^ falls 
on the Genesee River, near Rochester, and Trenton Falls, 
on West Canada Creek. 

What noted towns in New York. 

West Point is noted for its being the seat of the United 
States Military Academy, Saratoga for its mineral waters, 
Syracuse for its manufacture of salt, and Rochester for its 
extensive fiour mills. 

What canals connect the Hudson River with Lake Champlain, 
Hudson River and Lake Erie, and the Hudson River with Dela- 
ware River ? 

Lesson 26. 

For what is Pennsylvania most distinguished? 

Pennsylvania is distinguished for its immense mines of 
iron and coal. The anthracite coal is found mostly between 
the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers.. The bituminous 
coal in the western part of the State. 

What may be said of New Jersey ? 

New Jersey is principally an agricultural State. Im- 
mense quantities of fruits and vegetables are sent to New 
York and Philadelphia. 

For what is Delaware noted ? 

Delaware is the smallest State except Rhode Island, and 
is noted for its numerous tlour and powder mills. 

SOUTHiiRN STATES. 
Which are the Southern States ? 

What bounds Maryland on the ' north ? East ? South ? 
West? 

What are the principal rivers in Maryland T 
Susquehanna, Potomac, 

Patuxent, Youghiogeny {Yo tt ga*ny) 



GEOGRAPHrc AL QUES-TIONS. 2§^ 

g,|f^3i*t .:bftyr in Maryland ? 

Chesapeake Bay, whicli divides Maryland into the east- 
ern and western shore. 

What are the principal towns in Maryland? 

Annapolis, Hagerstown, 

J3altimore, Frederick, 

Havre de Grace, Cumberland. 

IIow is the District of Columbia situated ? 
The District of Columbia is situated on the left bank of 
the Potomac, and is the seat of the United States Govern- 
ment. It contains the city of Washington, which is the 
capital of the United States, and Georgetown. 

. .:snkn oaaox-nr. Lesson 27. 

-ASmat tioiinds Virginia on the north ? East? South? West? 
f-^What are the principal rivers in Virginia? MvU on, 

Potomac, James, 

Rappahannock, Nottoway, 

York, Meherrin, 

Mattapony, Staunton, 

Pamunky, Shenandoah. 

What mountains in Virginia ? 
Alleghany and Blue Ridge. 
What capes in Virginia? 

Cape Charles and Cape Henry, at the entrance of Chesa- 
peake Bay. 

What are the principal towns in Virginia ? 

Richmond, Charlottesville, 

Norfolk, Staunton. 

Fredericksburg, - Yorktown. 

• J- 



26 GEOQRAPHICAtiQUES.TIONS. 

"WhatboundsWestVirginia on the north? East? South? West? 
What are the principal rivers in West Virginia ? 

Ohio, Kanawha, 

Monongahela, Little Kanawha, 

Guyandotte, Big Sandy. 

What mountains separate'West Virginia from Virginia ? 

Alleghany. 

What are the principal towns in West Virginia? 
Wheeling, Beverly, 

Morgantown, Charlestown. 

Lesson 28. 

What bounds North Carolina on the north? East? South? 
West? 

What rivers in North Carolina? 

. Chowan, Neuse, 

Roanoke, Cape Fear, 

Tar, Yadkin. 

What sounds in North Carolina? 

Albemarle and Pamlico. 

What mountains in North Carolina ? 

The Alleghany and Blue Ridge ? 

What are the principal towns in North Carolina ? 
Raleigh, Beaufort, 

Newbern, Washington, 

Wilmington, Charlotte. 

What bounds South Carolina on the north ? East? South? 
West? 

What rivers in South Carolina ? 

Great Pedee, Little Pedee, 

Santee, Edisto, 

Wateree, Combahee, 

Congaree, Savannah. 



(j E aa RAPHICALQUESTIO N S . 

What are the principal towns in South Carolina ? 

Greorgetown, 



27 



Columbus, 

Charleston, 

Camden, 
What bounds Georgia on the north ? 
What rivers in Georgia f 

Savannah, 

Ogeechee, 

Altamaha, 

St. Mary's, 
What mountains in Georgia? 
Blue Ridge and Alleghany. 
What are the principal towns in Georgia? 



Beaufort, 
Greenville. 
East ? South ? West ? 

Oconee, 
Ocninlgee, 
Santilla, 
Chattahoochee. 



MiLLEDGEVILLE, 

Savannah, 

An":usta, 



Macon, 

x\tlanta, 

Columbus. 



Lesson 29. 

What bounds Florida on the north ? East ? South ? West T 
-What rivers in Florida? 

St. Mary's, 

St. John's, 

Suwanee, 

Escambia, 
What capes in Florida ? 

Cape Cannaveralj 

Cape Florida, 

Cape Sable, 
What are tire- -principal towns in Florida? 

Tallahassee, • Pensacola, 

Key West, St. Augustine. 



Apalachicola, 
Choctawhatchie, 
Perdido, 
Oscilla. 

Cape Romans, 
Cape St. Bias. 



28 e E O O R A P H I C A L Q U E S TIO N S. 

What bounds Alabama on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 

What rivers in Alabama? 

Tennessee, Alabama, 

Chattahooeliee, Tombigby, 

Choctawhatcliie, Black Warrior. 

What are the principal towns in Alabama? 
Montgomery, Huntsville, 

Mobile, Tuscumbia, 

Tuscaloosa, Selma. 

Lesson 30. 

What bounds Mississippi on the north ? East ? South ? West? 

What rivers in Mississippi? 

Pascagoula, Big Black, ^ 

Pearl, Yazoo, 

Mississippi, Tombigby. 

What are the principal towns in Mississippi? 

Jackson, Port Gribson, 

Natchez, Monticello, 

Vicksburg, Woodville. 

What bounds Louisiana on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 

What rivers in Louisiana? 

Mississippi, Red, 

Washita, Sabine. 

What lakes in Louisiana? 

Pontchartrain , Bistineau , 

Borgne, Chetimaches. 

What are the principal towns in Louisiana ? 

Baton Rouge,. Donaldnsonville, 

New Orleans, St. Francisville, 

ShreYcport. Natchitoches. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 



29 



What bounds Texas on the north ? East? South? West? 
What rivers in Texas? 



Nueces, 
Rio Grande. 

Corpus Christi. 



Sabine, Colorado, 

Neches, Guadalupe, 

Trinity, 
Brazos, 

V/hat bays in Texas? 
Galveston, 
Matagorda, 

What are the principal towns in Texas? 

Austin, San Antonio, 

Galveston, Nacogdoches, 

Houston, ' San Augustine. 



Lesson 31. 

REVIEW OP THE SOUTHERN STATES, 
two States border on the Potomac River and Chesapeake 



What 
Bay? 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
What 
The 
wheat, 
mineral 



six Statesyborder on the Atlantic? 

five States border on the Gulf of Mexico? 

two States border on the Mississippi River ? 

eight States border on Tennessee ? 

river separates South Carolina from Georgia? 

river separates, in part, Georgia from Alabama ? 

river separates Louisiana from Texas? 

river separates Texas from Mexico ? 

large river runs through the northern part of Alabama ? 

are the principal productions of Maryland and Virginia ? 

chief productions of Maryland and Virginia are 

corn, and tribacco. Iron and coal are its chief 



3* 



#0 GfiOGilAPttlCAL QUESTIONS, 

What may be said of Nortii Carolina ? 

North Cai-oliiia derives its chief wealth from her pine 
forests, which produce large quantities of pitch, tar, tur- 
pentine, and lumber. 

What are the chief sources of wealth in South Carolina? 

Cotton and rice are the principal products of South 
Carolina. About two-thirds of all the rice in the United 
States is raised in South Carolina* 

What may be said of the productions of Georgia, Alabama, 
and Mississippi? 

Very large quantities of cotton, rice, corn, and sweet 
potatoes are produced in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. 

What are the productions of Florida and Louisiana? 

Cotton, rice, sugar, and lumber are the chief products 
of Florida, and sugar and cotton of Louisiana. "A large 
part of all the sugar made in the United States from 
sugar-cane is produced in Louisiana. 

lessen 32. 

WESTERN STATES, 

Which are the Western States ? 

What bounds Michigan on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 

What are the principal lakes in and around Michigan ? 
Superior, Erie, 

Huron, Michigan. 

St. Clair, 

What are the principal rivers in Michigan? 
Saginaw, Grrand. 

Kalamazoo, Maskegon, 

St, Joseph's, Manistee 



GE0(JRA1>H1CAL QUESl?IONS. 31 

What are the principal towns in Michigan? 
Lansing, Kalamazooj 

Detroitj Ypsilantij 

Ann Arboi*, Marshall, 

lesson 33. 

What bounds Wisconsin on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 
What are the principal rivers in Wisconsin? 

Mississippi, Blacky 

Wisconsin, Chippewa. 

What are the principal towns in Wisconsin ? 

Madison, Kenosha, 

Milwaukee, Beloit, 

Racine, Janesville. 

What bounds Minnesota on the north? East? South? West? 
What are the principal rirers in Minnesota? 

St. Croix, Minnesota, 

Mississippi, Red River of the North, 

What lakes in Minnesota ? 

Red, Leech, 

Vermillion, Mille Lacs, 

Cass, Itasca. 

What are the principal towns in Minnesota ? 

St. Paul, Stillwater, 

St. Anthony, Faribault, 

Minneapolis, Winona. 

Lesson 34. 

What bounds Ohio on the north ? East? South? West? 
What are the principal rivers in Ohio? 

Ohio, Miami, 

Muskingum, Maumee, 

Scioto, Sandusky. 



81 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS ; 

What are the principal towns in Ohio ? 

Columbus, Zanesville, 

Cincinnati, Chillicothe, 

Cleveland, Sandusky, 

Dayton, Steubenville. 

What bounds Indiana on the north ? East ? South ? West f 

What are the principal rivers in Indiana? 
Ohio, Wabash, 

White, Kankakee. 

What are the principal towns in Indiana? 

Indianapolis, La Fayette, 

New Albany, Evansville, 

Madison, Terre Haute. 

Lesson 35. 

What bounds Illinois on the north? East? South? West? 

What are the principal rivers in Illinois? 
Wabash, Illinois, 

Kaskaskia, Mississippi. 

What are the principal towns in Illinois'? 
Springfield, Peoria, 

Chicago, Quincy, 

Galena, Alton, 

Cairo, Eock Island. 

What bounds Iowa on the north? East? South? West? 

What are the principal rivers in Iowa? 

Mississippi, Des Moines, 

Iowa, " Missouri. 

What are the principal towns in Iowa? 

Des Moines, Keokuk, 

Dubuque, Davenport. 

Burlington, Iowa City. 



G E O O R A r H I C A L Q U E ST I O N S . ■■ Z% 

Lesson 36. 

What bounds Kentucky on the north ? East ? South ? AVest? 

What are the principal rivers in Kentucky? 
Ohio, Green, 

Eig Sandy, Cumberland, 

Licking, Tennessee, 

Kentucky, Salt. 

What are the principal towns in Kentucky ? 
Frankfort, Covington, 

Louisville, Newport, 

Lexington, Paducali. 

What bounds Tennessee on the north? East? South? West? 

What are the principal rivers in_ Tennessee ? 
.-Chiiijberland, Mississippi^ 

Tennessee, Duck. 

What are the principal towns in Tennessee ? 

Nashville, Chattanooga, 

Memphis, Columbia, 

Knoxville, Murfreesboro'. 

Lesson 37. 

What bounds Missouri on the north ? East? South? West? 

What are the principal rivers in Missouri? 
Mississippi, Osage, 

Missouri, Gasconade. 

What are the principal towns in Missouri? 
Jefferson City, Lexington, 

St. Louis, Boonville, 

St Joseph, . Capfc Girardeau. 

What bounds Arkansason the north ? East?. 5oiith ? West ? 
C 



S4- GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Wliat are the principal rivers in Arkansas ? 
Mississippi, Arkansas, 

St. Francis, - Washita, 

White, Red. 

What are the principal towns in Arkansas ? 
Little Rock, Bolivar, 

Fort Smith, Van Buren, 

Helena, Arkansas. 

Lesson 38. 

"What bounds Kansas on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 

What are the principal rivers in Kansas? 
Kansas, Arkansas. 

What are the principal towns in Kansas ? 
Lecompton, Topeka, 

Leavenworth, Aeosho City. 

What bouacis California on the north ? East ? South ? Wesi ? 

What are the principal rivers in California? 

Sacramento, San Buenaventura, 

San Joaquin, Great Colorado. 

What mountains in California ? 

Sierra Nevada, Coast Mountains. 

. What are the principal towns in California? 
Sacramento City, Stockton, 

San Francisco, San Miguel, 

San Jos^, Los Apgeles. 

What bounds Oregon on the north? East? South? West? 

What are the principal rivers in Oregon ? 
Columbia, Snake. 

Williamette, 

What mountains in Oregon? 

Blue, Cascade Mountains 



G E O G p. A P II I C A L QUESTIONS. 35 

What are the prmcii3al towns in Oregon ? 
Salem, Corvallis^ 

Portland, Umpqua City. 

Lesson 39. 

IlETIEW OF THE WE ST EIIN ST ATE S . 

Which five States bovdei* on the Ohio River? 

Which ten States border on the Mississippi River? 

What mountains separate Tennessee from North Carolina ? 

"What river separates, in part, Indiana from Illinois ? 

Which are the three of the most important cities of the 
Western States? 

What are the principal productions of the Western States ? 

AVheat, corn, wool, pork, potatoes, wine, flax, hemp, 
butter, cheese, and live stock. 

Tobacco and hemp are important products of Kentucky 
and Missouri. 

What are the mineral productions of the Western States ? 

Iron, lead, and coal are found in immense quantities in 
Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa. 

Iron, coal, and salt are found in Ohio, Kentucky, and 
Arkansas. 

Iron and lead are found in Indiana. Large quantities, 
of lead are found in Wisconsin, and the richest copper 
mines in the world are found in Michigan. 

For what is Kentucky noted? 

Kentucky is noted for fossil remains of animals, and for 
its mammoth cave. 

For what is Illinois noted? 

Illinois is noted for its extensive prairies, and the fer- 
tility of it^ soil 

For what is California noted? 

California is noted for its gold and quicksilver mines, 



36 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

the exceeding fertility of its soil, and the gigantic size of 
its forest trees. 

Lesson 40. 

TERRITOllIES 

Name the Territories of the United States, and give the 
boundaries of each, with their capitals and chief towns. (See 
Lesson 12.) 

What river separates Washington from Oregon Territory ? 

What river separates the Indian Territory from Texas ? 

Which is the higliest peak of the Roclcy Mountains in the 
United States ? 

Fremont's Peak, in Idaho. 
What great lake in Utah? 

What may be said of the mineral productions of these Terri- 
tories ? 

Grold is found in Idaho, Nevada, Colorado and Arizona, 
and silver in Arizona and Nevada. 

Large quantities of salt may be made from the numerous 
lakes, which are nearly all salt. 

What may be said of the animals of these Territories ? 

Immense herds of buiTalo, deer, and horses roam over 
the prairies. Grizzly bears, wild goats, and sheep aro 
found in the mountainous regions. 

In what direction is Pike's Peak from St. Louis? 

In what direction from St. Louis is Salt Lake City ? 

In what direction from St. Louis is Yankton ? 

In wh^t direction from St, Louis is Tucson ? 

Lesson 41. 

REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Nama the rivers, beginning on the northeast, that flow info 
the Atlantic Ocean. 

Name the rivers that flow into the Gulf of Mexico. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 37 

Name the rivers, beginning on the south, that flow into the 
Pacific Ocean. 

Name the capes that are on the Atlantic coast, beginning on 
the north. 

Name the capes of the United States that extend into the Gulf 
of Mexico. 

Name the capes that extend into the Pacific Ocean, beginning 
on the south. 

Name the bays on the Atlantic coast, beginning on the north. 

What bays in the Gulf of Mexico ? 

What bays on the Pacific coast of the United States ? 

What are the principal islands on the Atlantic coast ? 

W^hat are the eastern branches of the Mississippi River, be- 
ginning on the north ? 

What are the western branches of the Mississippi Pviver, be- 
ginning on the south ? 

What canal, now building, connects the Great Lakes with the 
Mississippi ? 

The Fox and Wisconsin Canal, uniting Fox and Wis- 
consin Rivers, will open water communication between the 
Great Lakes and the ^lississippi River. 

What canal connects Lake Michigan with the Illinois Eiver ? 

Illinois Canal connects Lake Michigan and the Illinois 
River. 

Lesson 42. 

In what direction is Portland from Boston? 
In what direction is Augusta from Portland ? 
In what direction is Concord from Boston ? 
In what direction is Montpelier from Boston*' 
In what direction is Providence from Boston ? 
In what direction is Boston from New York ? 
In what direction is Albany from New York ? 
In what direction is Buffalo from Albaiiy ? 
In what direction is New York from Philadelphia? 
In what direction is Harrisburg from Phil-tdelphia ? 
4 



38 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

In what direction from Philadelphia is Washington 5 

In what direction from. Washington is Chicago ? Cincinnati ? 
St. Louis ? New Orleans ? Mobile ? Savannah ? Charleston ? 

In what direction from Cincinnati is Chicago ? St. Louis ? 
Frankfort? Nashville? 

Which States produce the most wheat ? 

Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Virginia, and Penn- 
sylvania. 

Which States produce the most corn ? 

Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. 

Which States produce the most cotton? 

Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. 

Which States produce the most tobacco ? 

Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Maryland. 

Which States produce the most sugar and molasses ? 

Louisiana, Georgia, and Florida. 

Lesson 43. 

Which States produce the most maple sugar ? 

New York and Vermont. 

Which States produce the most wine? 

California and Ohio. 

Which States produce the most rice? 

South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina. 

Which States produce the most wool? 

Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. 

Which States produce the most coal? 

Pennsylvania produces about three-fourths of the whole 
quantity of coal, and Ohio produces a large part of the re- 
niainder. 



aEO GRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 39 

Which are the nine largest cities in the United States, in the 
order of their population ? 

New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Baltimore, Boston, 
New Orleans, Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Cliicago. 

Lesson 44. 

BRITISH AMLIIICA. 

What may be said of British America ? 

The Territory of the Hudson's Bay Company comprises 
the largest part of British America. The remainder is 
divided into six provinces. 

Provinoes. Capitals. 

Canada, Ottawa. 

New Brunswick, Frederickton. 

Nova Scotia, Halifax. 

Prince Edward's Island, Charlottetown. 

Newfoundland, St. John's. 

British Columbia, New Westminster, 

The eastern part of British America is called Labrador. 
Canada was formerly divided into Canada East and 
Canada West, but was united in 184L 

What are the boundaries of each province ? 
What are the principal towns in British Americsr? 

Ottawa, Toronto, 

Montreal, Halifax, 

Quebec, St. John (N. B.). 

What island at the mouth of the river St. Lawrence ? 

What island east of the Gulf of Mexico ? 

What island west of British America ? 

Lesson 45. 

What island west of New Bi-unswick ? 
What island northeast of Nova Scotia ? 
What strait separates Nova Scotia from Cape Breton Island? 



40 



G E O GRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 



What two small islands, south of Newfoundland, belonsinff to 
the French? ^ ^ 

Miquelon and St. Pierre. 

What river separates Canada East from Canada West? 
What river in the west flows into Queen Charlotte's Sound, and 
for what is it noted ? 

Fraser's River, and is noted for its gold mines. 

What remarkable bay between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick? 
^ Bay of Fiindy, in which the tide often rises more than 
70 feet, at the head of the bay. 

What strait separates Newfoundland from Labrador ? 

Where are Sidney and Pictou situated, and for what are 
they noted ? 

Pictou is in the northern part of Nova Scotia, and Si<iney 
is in the eastern part of the island of Cape Eretou ; both 
are noted for their coal mines. 

What are the principal exports of British America ? 

The principal exports of British America are lumber, 
furs, coal, fish, gypsum, grain, and grindstones. 

For what is Newfoundland noted? 

Newfoundland is noted for its cod-fisheries and its fogs. 

In what direction is Quebec from Boston ? 

In what direction is Montreal from Quebec ? 

In what direction is Halifax from Quebec ? 

In what direction is Halifax from Boston ? 

Lesson 46. 

BANISH AMERICA. 
What does Danish America include ? 
.Danish America includes Greenland and Iceland. 
What may be said of Greenland? 
It has not as yet been satisfactorily ascertained whether 



€IE D GRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 41 

Greenland is an island, or a part of an Arctic continent 
yet undiscovered 

What are the principal towns ? 

Litchenfels, ■ Lievely, Upernavick. 

What cape south of Greenland? 

What may be said of Iceland? 

Iceland is formed from tlie eruptions of volcanoes. 

For what is Iceland noted ? 

Iceland is noted for its. boiling springs, called geysers, 
and for its volcanic mouatairi, Mount Hecla. 

What is the principal town? 

Reikiavik is the chief t-own. 

In what direction is Iceland from Greenland? 

RUSSIAN AMERICA. 
What are the boundaries of Russian America ? 
Where is the principal settlement? 

The principal settlement is at Sitka. 

What peninsula on the south? 

What sound on the west ? 

What inlet and island on the west ? 

In what direction is Hussian America from the United States? 

Lesson 47. 

MEXICO. 

What bounds Mexico on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 

What river separates Mexico from the United States ? 

What range of inountains and Tolcano in Mexico ? 

Sierra Madre, Popocatapetl. 

4* 



42 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

, What are the principal towns ? 

Mexico, Acapulco, 

Vera Cruz, San Bias, 

Puebla, Mazatlan, 

Guadalaxara, Tampico. 

"What are the principal seaports? 

Vera Cruz and Tampico are the principal seaports on the 
Gulf of Mexico; Acapulco, San Bias, and Mazatlan on the 
Pacific ; and Guaymas on the Gulf of California. 
. What peninsulas, in Mexico ? 

Old or Lower California and Yucatan are peninsulaa of 
Mexico. 

What may be said of Yucatan ? 

But little is known of Yucatan. It is noted for its ruins 
of ancient temples. 

Balize, a part of Yucatan, is a British province. 

What is the principal seaport of Balize? 

Balize. 

What may be aaid of the productions of Mexico ? 

Most of the /V tiits and vegetables of tropical climates are 
Ibund in the ^ry/ lands ; while on the high table lands are 
found the pr'^ductions of more temperate climates. 

Where is ihe Gulf and Isthmus of Tehuantepec ? 

What ax-e «.he priucipal seaports of Honduras ? 

Truxillo and iioa. 

What seaport on San Juan River, east of Lake Nicaragua ? 

Grey town. 

What is the ear' ern shore of Nicaragua called ? 

The Mosquito. Shore. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 43 

Lesson 48. 

CENTRAL AMERICA. 
What does Central America comprise? 
Central America comprises : 

Countries. Capitals. 

Guatimala, New Griiatimala. 

Hondl^^a^'5, Comayagna. 

San Salvador, Cojutepeque. 

Nicaragua, Leon. 

Costa Rica, San Jose. 

"Wliat are the boundaries of each division ? 
What bay north of Central America'? 
What sea on the north and east ? 
V/hat lakes in Central America ? 
What rivers in Central America ? 
What cape on the north ? 

What may be said of the climate and productions of Central 
America ? 

The climate and productions of Central America are 
nearly tiie same as the low lands of Mexico. Logwood, 
lignum Tits3, maliogany, and cojffee are among the principal 
exports. 

In what direction is Central America from Mexico ? 

In what direction is Balize from New Orleans ? 

Lesson 49. 

WEST INDIES. 
Into what groups are the West Indies divided ? 
THeWest Indies are usually divided into the 

Greater Antilles, Bahamas. 

Lesser Antilles, 

NoTK. — Some geographers give the names of Caribbean, Yv'ind- 
ward, and Leeward to a part of the Lesser Antilles. 



44 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Of what do the Greater Antilles consist ? 
The Greater Antilles consist of — 

Countries, Capitals, Chief Towns. 

Cuba, Havana, Matanzas. ' 

Hayti, Port-au-Prince, Aux Cayes. 

Jamaica, Spanishtown, Kingston. 

Porto Rico, St. John's, Mayagues. 

What do the Lesser Antilles include? 
The Lesser Antilles include that chain of islands which 
extend from Porto Kico to South America. 
Which are the most important of these ? 
The most important* of these are — 

Santa Cruz, Martinico, 

Guadeloupe, Barbadoes, 

Dominica, Trinidad. 

Where are the Bahamas situated 

The Bahamas are north of the West Indies, and com- 
prise about 400 islands and rocks. 
What is the most important town? 

The most important commercial town is Nassau, on the 
island of New Providence. 

In what direction is Hayti from Cuba ? 
In what direction is Porto Eico from Hayti? 
In what direction is Cuba from Florida ? 
What strait separates Cuba from Hayti ? 
Windward Passage. 

What strait between Hayti and Porto Rico ? 
Mona Passage. 

For what is Guanahani, or St. Salvador, noted r 
Guanahani is noted as being the first land in America 
discovered by Christopher Columbus. 



G E O G R A P II I C A L QUESTION S ; 4^f 

What are the principal productions of the V/est indies? 
The principal productions of the West Indies are tobacco, 
sugar, molasses, coffee, cotton, spices, and tropical fruits. 
Mahogany and logwood are also very abundant. 
For what are the West Indies noted? 
The West Indies are noted for destructive hurricanes. 

In v/hat direction is Havana from Washington ? from Charles- 
ton ? from New Orleans ? 

In what direction is Matanzas from Havana ? 

Lesson 50. 

SOUTH AMERICA. 
What bounds South America on the north ? East ? South ? 
West ? 

What are the pplitieal divisions of South America ? 
CJountries Capitals. 

New Granada, Bogota. 

Venezuela, Caraecas. 

G-uiana (English), Georgetown. 

Guiana (Dutch), Paramaribo. 

Guiana (French), Cayenne. 

Brazil, Rio Janeiro. 

Equador, Quito. 

Peru, Lima. 

Bolivia, Sucre. 

Paraguay, Assumption. 

XJraguay, Montevideo, 
xirgentine Confederation, Parana. 

Chili, Santiago. 

Patagonia, No Government 

What divisions border on the Caribbean Sea ? 
W'hat divisions border on the Atlantic Ocean ? 
What border on the Pacific ? 
What are the boundaries of each division ? 



46 GEOGRAPHICAL QUBSTIONB 

Lesson 51. 

"What are the principal rivers in South America? 

Amazon, St. FranciscOj 

Rio de la Plata, Colorado, 

Orinoco, Magdalena. 

What are the principal branches of the Amazon ? 
The Rio Negro and Madeira are tlie principal branches 
of tlie Amazon. 

What are the principal capes ? 

Cape G-allinas, Cape Horn, 

Cape St. Roque, Cape Blanco. 

What mountains in South America? 
The Andes in the west, the Brazilian Andes in the east, 
and the Parime in the north. 

What are some of the highest volcanic peaks? 
Aconcagua, the highest volcanic mountain in the world. 

Cotopaxi, Pichincha. 

Grualatieri, 
What islands north of South America? 

Curagoa, Tobago, 

Margarita, Barbadoes. 

Trinidad, 
What island at the mouth of the Amazon River? 
Joannes. 
What islands south and southeast of Patagonia? 

Terra del Fuego, Falkland. 

Staten, 
What islands west of Chili? 

Juan Fernandez, St, Felix. 

What hay on the northwest coast of New Granada. 
Bay of Panama, 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 47 

Lesson 52. 

What isthmus connects North and South America? 

The Istlimus of Panama connects North and South 
America, and is 30 to 70 miles wide. 

What strait separates Patagonia from Terra del Fuego ? 

Strait of Magellan. 

What desert between Chili and Peru? 

Atacama. 

What lake between Peru and Bolivia? 

Titicaca. 

What lake in Venezuela opening to the Caribbean Sea? 

Maracaybo. 

For what is South America particularly noted ? 

South America is celebrated for its lofty mountains, 
majestic rivers, and its immense plains, called pam'pas, 
Belvas, and llanos. 

What may be said of the trees and fruits of South America ? 

The rosewood, mahogany, logwood, and india-rubber 
tree, cinchona or Peruvian bark tree abound in South 
America; and delicious fruits, as oranges, citrons, pine- 
apples, grapes, and figs, grow in great abundance. 

What may be said of the animals of South America ? 

Vast herds of horses and cattle roam over the plains, 
and are a great source of wealth to the inhabitants. 

The jaguar or the South American tiger, and the condor, 
the largest bird of flight known, are among the largest 
animals. The vampire bat is found here, which lives by 
sucking the blood from other animals. 

Huge alligators and serpents of monstrous size abound 
in the rivers and marshes of the tropical regions. The 
boa-constrictor is sometimes fonind 25 to 30 feet in length. 



48 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS,' 

Lesson 53. 

What may be said of the mineral products of South America ? 

The mineral productions of Soutli America are of very 
great value. 

Grold and silver are found in great abundance in most 
of the countries that border on the mountains. 

Platina is found in New Granada and Brazil. Quick- 
silver is found in Peru. Copper and iron is found in Peru, 
Chili, and Brazil. Diamonds, topazes, and emeralds are 
also found in Brazil. 

What are the principal exports of South America ? 

The principal exports of South America are coffee, sugar, 
hides, horns, tallow, cotton, dyewoods, cocoa, gold, silver^ 
Peruvian bark, cayenne pepper, vanilla, and india-rubber. 

What are the principal seaports on the Carribbean Sea ? 

Carthagena, La Guayra, Cumana, and Paramaribo. 

What are the principal seaports on the Atlantic Ocean? 

Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio Janeiro, and Buenos Ay res. 

What are the principal seaports on the Pacific Ocean? 

Valparaiso, Arica, Callao, Guayaquil, and Panama. 

Lesson M. 

Which are the six largest cities of South America, in the order 
of thedr population ? 

Rio Janeiro, Lima, 

Buenos Ay res, "Santiago, 

Bahia, Quito. 

What may be said of the river Amazon? 
The Amazon is the largest river on the globe. Its entire 
length is about 4000 miles. It is navigable for vessels 
drawing five or six feet of wat-er SOOO miles. Its mouth 
is nearly 150 miles wide. 



GEOGRAPHrCAL QUESTIONS. 49 

WTiat river connects the Eio Negro with the Orinoco River ? 

The river Casiquiare. 

On what small island is Cape Horn? 

Cape Horn is on Horn Island, southeast of Hermit 
Island, the most southerly of the group called Terra del 
Fuego. 

What islands off the coast of Peru, from which immense 
quantities of guano are taken ? 

The Chincha and Lobos Islands, 

For what is Potosi noted? 

The richest silver mines in the world. 

In what direction is South America from the United States? 

In what direction is Lima from Washington ? 

In what direction is Ba.hia from Lima? 

In what direction is Eio Janeiro from Lima ? 

Lesson 55. 

EUROPE. 
What bounds Europe on the north ? East ? South ? West t 
What are the political divisions of Europe ? 

Countries, Capitals. 

Norway, Christiana. 

Sweden, Stockholm. 

Russia, St. Petersburg, 

Prussia, Berlin. 

Austria, Vienna. 

Turkey, Constantinople, 

G-reece, Athens, 

Italy, Kome, 

Switzerland, Berne. 

- Germany, Frankfort, 

Netherlands or Holland , Hagu«. 

5 i> 



so GEOGRAPHICAL QUEST lOIfS. 

Countries. Capitals. 

Belgium, Brussels. 

Deniaark, CopeEihagen. 

Grreat Britain and Ireland, London. 

France, Paris. 

Spain, Madrid. 

Portugal, Lisbon. 
lesson 56. 

What countries in the northwest ? What in the northeast ? 
What in the southeast ? What in the south ? What in the south- 
west? What in the west? 

What rivers flow into the White Sea? 

Onega, Dwina, and Mezene. 

What riyer flows into the Arctic Ocean? 

Petchora. 

What rivers flow into the Caspian Sea ? 

Ural and Volga. 

What rivers flow into the Black Sea? 

Bon, Dnieper, Bug, Dniester, and Danube. 

What rivers flow into the Baltic Sea? 

Duna, Niemen, Vistula, and Oder. 

What rivers flow into the North Sea? 

Elbe, Weser, Ems, Rhine, and Meuse. 

What river flows into the English Channel? 

Seine. 

What rivers flow into the Bay of Biscay? 

Loire and Gironde. 

What river flows into the Gulf of Lyons? 

Rbone. 

What are the rivers of Spain and Portugal? 

Minho, Duero, Tagus, Gruadiana, Guadalquivir, and Ebro. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 61 

What rivers in Italv? 

Po, Tiber, and Adige. 

What rivers in England? 

Thames, Severn, Mersey, and Humber. 

What river between Sweden and Russia? 

Tornea. 

What rivers in Ireland ? 

Shannon, Boyne and Liffey. 

Lesson 57. 

What seas in and around Europe? 

White, Caspian, Azov, Black, Marmora, Mediterranean, 
Adriatic, Irish, North, and Baltic. 

What straits and channels in Europe ? 

Enikale or Yenikale, Bosphorus, Dardanelles, Otranto, 
Messina, Bonifacio, Gibraltar, English Channel, Dover 
Strait, St. George's Channel, Bristol Channel, North 
Channel, Skager Rack, and Cattegat. 

What capes in Europe ? 

North Cape, Cape Matapan, Cape Trafalgar, Cape St. 
Vincent, Cape Finisterre, and the Naze. 

What mountains in Europe ? 

Ural, Caucasus, Carpathian, Balkan, Apennines, Alps, 
Auvergne, Cevennes, Cantabrian, Sierra Morena, Sierra 
Nevada, Dofrafield, and Kiolen. 

What islands northwest of Norway ? 

Loffoden Islands. 

For what are these islands noted ? 

For the celebrated maelstrom. 

What islands north and northwest of the British Isles ? 



52 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

What islands in the Mediterranean Sea ? 
Cyprus, Rhodes, Candia, Malta^ Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica,! 
Minorca, Majorca, and Ivica. 

Lesson 58. 

What lakes in the northern part of Russia ? 

Lakes One^a and Ladoga. 

What lakes in Sweden ? 

Lakes Wener, Wetter, and Malar. 

What lakes in Switzerland? 

Lakes Constance, Geneva, and Neufchatel. I 

What gulfs open into the Baltic Sea ? ' 

Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia, 

What gulf opens into the White Sea ? 

Gulf of Onega. 

What bay west of France ? 

What peninsula in the Black Sea ? 

What peninsula in the southern part of Greece ? 

The peninsula of the Morea. 

What isthmus connects the Crimea to the main land? 

Isthmus of Perekop, which is about 15 miles wide. 

What is the eastern coast of the Mediterranean called? 

The Levant. 

Where is the Ionian Republic? 

The Ionian Republic consists of several islands in thei 
Ionian Sea, on the west of Greece. It is under the pro- 1 
tection of Great Britain. -A 

Which are the most important of these islands? - 

The most important of these islands are Corfu, Paxo, ^ 
Santa Maura, Ithaca, Cephalonia, Zante, and Cerigo. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 53 

Which are the principal seaports ? 

Corfu and Zante are the principal seaports. 

Lesson 59. 

Where are the Gyclades? 

The Cyclades, the principal islands of the Grecian 
Archipelago, are southeast of Greece. They are so called 
because they lie in a circle around Delos, the most im- 
portant of them. 

For what is Delos noted? 

Delos is noted as being the birth-place of Apollo and 
Diana, and as containing the famous temple and oracle of 
Apollo. 

What gulf separates, in part, the Morea from the rest of Greece ? 

The Gulf of Lepanto. 

Where is the island of Elba situated, and for what is it noted? 

The island of Elba lies off the western coast of Tuscany, 
and is noted as the place to which the Emperor Napoleon 
was first banished. 

For what is Corsica noted? 

Corsica is noted as the birth-place of Napoleon. 

What island in the Grecian Archipelago east of Greece ? 

Negroponte. 

For what is Athens, the capital of Greece, noted ? 

Athens is celebrated as having been the birth-place of 
many illustrious philosophers and poets of ancient times, 
and also for the numerous remains of works of art; the 
most remarkable of which are the Acropolis and the Par- 
thenon, or temple of 3Iinerva. 
5* 



54 GEOGRAPHIC AL QUESTIONS. 

What name is given to the northern part of Greece ? 
The northern part of Greece is called Hellas. 
What town in Greece is the chief seaport of foreign trade ? 
Patras, on the gnlf of the same name, is the chief, port 
of foreign trade. 

Lesson 60. 

What does Great Britain comprise ? 

Great Britain comprises England, Scotland, and Wales. 
These, with Ireland and numerous colonies in every quar- 
ter of the globe, form the British Empire. 

What may be said of the manufactures of Great Britain ? 
Great Britain surpasses every other country in the world 
in the variety and amount of her manufactures. 
What are the principal towns in England ? 
London, Bristol, 

Liverpool, Shef3&eld, 

Manchester, Plymouth, 

Birmingham, Portsmouth, 

Leeds, Chatham. 

For what are most of these noted ? 

London is noted as the first city in the world in wealth, 
commerce, and population. 

Liverpool. is noted for its extensive docks, Manchester 
for its manufacture of cotton goods, Birmingham for its 
manufacture of hardware, Leeds for woollen goods, Sheffield 
for its cutlery, and Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Chatham 
are the principal naval stations. 
. What are the principal towns in Scotland ? 
Edinburgh, Aberdeen, 

Glasgow, Dundee. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 55 

For what are they noted? 

Edinburgli is celebrated for tlie excellence and elegance 
of its buildings. 

Glasgow is noted for its manufacture of a great variety 
of cotton goods, and also for its iron manufactures. 

Dundee is celebrated for its linen manufactures. 

Lesson 61. 

What are the principal towns in Ireland? 

Dublin, Cork, 

Belfast, Limerick. 

For what is Belfast noted ? 

Belfast is noted as the principal market in Ireland for 
Irish linens. 

What are the principal towns in France ? 

Paris, Bordeaux, 

Lyons, Rouen, 

Marseilles, Nantes. 

For what are some of these noted ? 

Lyons is noted for its silks ; Rouen for its cotton, woollen, 
and linen goods; Bordeaux for brandies and wines. 
What important commercial city in the north of France ? 
Havre. 

What important seaport in the south of France ? 
Marseilles. 

What are the principal seaports in Norway ? 
Christiana, Bergen, and Drontbeim. 
For what is Hammerfest noted ? 

Hammerfest is farther north than any other European 
town. 

What are the principal seaports of Sweden ? 
Stockholm, Grottenburg, and Carlscrona. 



56 Q EOG RAPHI CAL QUESTIONS. ^ 

For what is Carlscrona distingiiished ? 

Carlserona is distinguished as the principal station of 
the Swedish navy. 
- .."Where is Falilun, and for what is it noted? 

Fahhm is south of the centre of Sweden, and is noted 
for its copper mines. 

What is the capital of the Germanic Confederation ? 

Frankfort, on the river Mayne, is the capital of the 
Germanic Confederation- 

Which cities are called free cities ? 

The free cities are Frankfort, Hamburg, Luboc, and 
Bremen. 
■■• What are the chief towns in Austria?" 

Yienna, Prague, Pesth, and Trieste. 

What are the chief to\yns in Prussia ? 

Berlin, Breslau, Cologne, Konigsberg, and Dantaic. 

Lesson 62. 

What gr&ups of islands west and north of Scotland ? 
What sea between England and Ireland ? 
What islands in the Irish Sea ? 

What is the southern extremity of England called ? 
What islands southwest of Land's End? 

What three islands in the English Channel off the northwest 
coast of France ? 

Alderney, Gruernse}^ and Jersey. 

Which are the largest lakes in Scotland ? 

Loch Lomond and Loch Ness. 

"What canal in France, and what waters does it connect ? 

Languedoe Canal, 153 miles in length, connects the 
Mediterranean Sea withthe river Garonne and the Bay of 
Biscay. 



GEOGRAPHIC AL- QUESTI ON S. ^7 

What are the principal naval ports in France ? 

Brest, Toulon, dierbotirg, and L' Orient. 

For what is Switzerland noted? 

Switzerland is noted for its sublime mountain scenes and 
its beautiful lakes. 

What bay north of Holland? 

Zuyder Zee. 

What islands at the entrance of the Zuyder Zee ? 
-What strait separates the island of Zealand from Sweden? 

Tbe Sound. 
. .What seapoi't on the Sound, and for what is it noted? 

Elsinore is situated on a small island in the Sound, and 
is noted as the place where taxes are levied on all but 
Danish and Swedish vessels passing to the Baltic. 

Where are Lapland, Finland, and Poland situated ? 

Lesson 63. 

What are the principal seaports of Spain ? 

The principal seaports of Spain are Barcelona, Cartha- 
gena, and Malaga, on the Mediterranean Sea, and Cadiz on 
the x\tlantic Ocean. 

For what is Malaga noted? 

Malaga is noted for its wines and fruits. 

What republic in the northeast of Spain ? - ■ 

Andorra. 

AVhat is the principal seaport of Portugal ? 

Lisbon. 

Where is Gibraltar, and for what is it noted ? 

Gibraltar is the southern promontory of Spain, and con- 
tains the strongest fortress in the world. It belongs to 
Great Britain. 



68 GEOaRAPHICAL QUESTIONS, 

How wide are the Straits of Gibraltar, and in what direction 
does the current run ? 

The Straits of Gibraltar are about 15 miles wide in their 
narrowest place. There is a powerful central current run- 
ning at the rate of six miles an hour, which flows from 
the Atlantic to the Mediterranean. 

Where is Port Mahon? 

Port Mahon, one of the best harbors of the Mediterra- 
nean Sea, is on the island of Minorca. 

What small republic on the Adriatic Sea in the eastern part 
of Italy ? 

San Marino. 

What is the principal seaport of Austria ? 

Trieste is the principal seaport of Austria, and is situated 
on the northern part of the Adriatic Sea. 

What are the principal northern seaports of Russia ? 

Riga, on the Grulf of Riga; Cronstadt, the port of St. 
Petersburg, on the Gulf of Finland ; Archangel, on the 
White Sea, are the principal northern seaports. 

Which is the most important seaport of Russia in the Black Sea ? 

Odessa, in the northwest part of the Black Sea. is the 
principal southern seaport of Russia. 

Lesson 64. 

What are the chief commercial cities of Holland and Belgium? 
The chief commercial cities of Holland and Belgium are 
Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Antwerp. 

For what are Dantzic, Konisberg, ^nd Stettin noted ? 

They are noted for their large exports of wheat. 

Which is the chief commercial city of Germany ? 

Hamburg. 

Of what does Denmark consist? 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 59 

Denmark consists of the islands in the Baltic and 
Atlantic, the peninsula of Jutland, and the German 
duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg. 

What are the principal exports of Europe ? 

Cotton and woollen goods, hardware, and coal are obtained 
from England. 

Wines, brandy, linen, silks, cotton and woollen goods 
from France. 

"Wines, fruits, wool, oil, quicksilver, and sumac are 
obtained from Spain and Portugal. 

Fruits, oil, wheat, cork, cheese, and marble are obtained 
from Italy and Greece. 

Carpets, silks, cotton, leather, figs, wool, and opium are 
obtained from Turkey. 

Watches, jewelry, linens, thread, and laces are obtained 
from Switzerland. 

Woollens, linens, velvets, gin, butter, and cheese are 
obtained from Holland. 

Wheat, hemp, flax, leather, tallow, furs, canvas, and iron 
are obtained from Russia. 

Timber, iron, copper, alum, and tar are obtained from 
Norway and Sweden. 

Lesson 65. 

What are the mineral productions of Europe ? 

Iron and lead are found in England, Sweden, and Russia. 
Tin is found in immense quantities in Cornwall, England. 
Copper is found in Sweden, Russia, Germany, and Hun- 
gary. Quicksilver is found in Spain, Germany, and 
Austria. Coal is very abundant in England, Spain, and 
Belgium. Silver, gold, mercury, aqd salt are found in 
Austria. The salt mines of Wieliczka are the richest in 
the world. 



60 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS, 



In what direction from London is Edinburgh? From London 
is Copenhagen? From London is Amsterdam? From London 
is Dantzic ? From Paris is Lyons ? From Paris is Marseilles ? 
From Paris is Vienna ? From Paris is Rome ? From Rome is 
Corinth ? From Corinth is Athens ? From Rome is Constanti- 
nople ? From Constantinople is Smyrna ? From Constantinople 
is Odessa? From Constantinople is St. Petersburg ? From Paris 
is Lisbon ? From London is Quebec? From London is New York? 

Which is further north, Marseilles or Boston ? 

Which is further north, London or Washington ? 

Which is further north, Boston or Constantinople t 

Which is further north, Paris or Quebec ? 



Lesson 66. 

ASIA. 
What bounds Asia on the north ? East ? South ? West ? 
What are the countxies of Asia ? 
Countries. 



Siberia, 



Chinese Empire. 



China, 
Thibet, 
Corea, 
Mongolia. 



Mantchooria. 

Soongaria. 

r Niphpn. 

Ti . i. T ) Sikoke. 

Empire of Japan. / ^;^^.^ 

V Jesso, etc. 



India. 



Farther India. 



(Hindoostan. 
( Farther India. 

Birmah. 

Siam. 

Anam. 

Laos. 

Malacca. 



Capitals. 

Tobolsk. 
Pekin. 
Lassa. 
Kingkita. 



Jedo, or Yeddo. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTI0IT8, 61 



Countries » 




Capitals. 


Belodchisfari, 




Keiat: 


Afghanistan, 




CabuL 


Turkestan, or Independent Tartary, 


Bokhara. 


Georg-ia, 




Teflis. 


Turkey, 




Smyrna. 


Syria, 




Damascus. 


Persia, 




Teheran. 


Arabia, 




Mecca. 


Note. — Give the boundaries 


of each 


country, and insert and 


describe the principal towns in 


each. 





Lesson 67. 

What rivers flow into the Arctic Ocean ? 

Obe, Yenesei, and Lena. 

What rivers flow east? 

Amoor, Hoang Ho, and Yangtse Kiang. 

What rivers flow south? 

Mecon, Meinam, Irrawaddy, Brahmaputra, Ganges, Ner- 
budda, Indus, Tigris, and Euphrates. 

What rivers flow into the Aral Sea? 

Amoo and Sihon. 

What river flows into the Caspian Sea ? 

Ural. 

What sea and gulfs on the north of Asia ? 

Sea of Kara, Gulf of Obe, Gulf of Yenesei, and Gulf 
of Lena. 

What gulfs on the south ? 

Gulf of Tonquin, Gulf of Siam, Gulf of Martaban, and 
Gulf of Cambay. 
6 



62 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Wliat five seas on the east? 

Kamtscliatka, Ochotsk, Japan, Yellow, and China. 

Note. — Tlie soutlierii part of tlie Ochotsk is sometimes called 
the Sea of Jesso. 

What bay and sea on the south ? 

Bay of Bengal and Sea of Arabia. 

What seas and gulf on the west? 

Aral Sea, Caspian Sea, Bed Sea, and Persian Gulf. 

What isthmus connects Asia and Africa? 

Istlimus of Suez, which is about 72 miles wide. 

What strait separates Asia from America ? 

Bhering's Strait, which is 36 miles wide. 

What straits and channels on the east and south? 
Channel of Tartary, Bashee Channel, 

Strait of Sangar, Strait of Malacca, 

Strait of Corea, Strait of Ormus, 

Colnett's Strait. Strait of Bab el Mandeb. 

Strait of Formosa, 

What are the principal mountains in Asia ? 

Ural, Altai, Himalaya, Grhaut, Caucasus, Taurus, and 
Mount Ararat. 

What islands on the north of Asia? 

Nova Zembla and New Siberia. 

What islands on the east ? 

Aleutian or Fox Islands, Kurile Islands, Seghalien, Lew- 
Chew, Patchew, Formosa, Hongkong, and Hainan. 

Lesson 68. 

What groups of islands lie east and southeast of Asia? 

Magellan's Archipelago, Ladrone Islands, Caroline 
Islands, Pelew Islands, Philippine Islands, New Guinea, 
Spice Islands, Celebes, and Borneo. 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 68 

What island southwest of Malacca ? 
Sumatra. 

What island south of Hindoostan ? 
Ceylon. 

What peninsulas in Asia? 

Kamtscliatka, Corea, Farther India, Malacca, Hindoos- 
tan, and Arabia. 

What,islands southwest of Hindoostan in the Arabian Sea? 
Laccadive and Maldive Islands. 
What island directly east of Sumatra ? 
Banca is directly east of Sumatra, and is celebrated for 
its valuable tin mines. 

What islands in the Bay of Bengal, west of Farther India ? 

Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 

What cape on the north ? 

Nortbeast Cape or Cape Severo Yostocbnoi. 

What cape south of Kamtschatka ? 

Cape Lopatka. 

What capes on the east and south? 

East Cape, Cambodia, Cape Romania, Cape Comorin. 

Lesson 69. 

What are the principal ports of China ? 

The principal ports of China are Canton, Macao, Hong- 
kong, Shanghai, Ningpo, Fuhchow, and Amoy. 

What are the principal ports of the Empire of Japan ? 

The principal ports of the Empire of Japan are Jedo, 
Nangasaki, Hakodadi, and Kanagawa. 



54 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Locate and describe tlie following cities in Farther India. 
Mandelay, Singapore, 

Bangkok, Rangoon. 

Locate and describe the following cities in Hindopstan. 
Calcutta, LucknoWj 

Bombay, Surat, 

Madras, Lahore, 

Belhi, G-oa. 

Locate and describe the following places in Persia. 

Teheran, Bushire, 

Ispahan, Shiraz. 

Locate and describe the following places in Arabia. 

Mecca, Medina, and Aden. 

Locate and describe the following places in Turkey in Asia. 
Smyrna, Aleppo, 

Damascus, Brusa, 

Jerusalem, Bagdad. 

Which is the largest seaport of Turkey, and for what is it 
celebrated ? 

Symrna is the chief seaport of Turkey in Asia, and is 
noted as the great commercial emporium of Eastern Asia. 

What is the principal seaport of Turkey on the Black Sea? 

Trebisonde. 

What are the most noted animals in Asia ? ' 

The most noted animals are the elephant, lion, tiger, 
hyena, rhinoceros, crocodile, and huge serpents. 

Camels abound in Arabia, the finest horses are found in 
Persia and Arabia, and the shawl goat in Thibet. 

The bear, otter, sable, beaver, and ermine abound in 
Eiberin. 



GEOaRAPHIGAL QUESTIONS. 65 

Lesson 70. 

What are the mineral productions of Asia ? 

The chief minerals of Asia are gold, silver, diamonds and 
gems, iron, lead, and tin. 

The finest diamonds are found in Hindoostan. Pearls 
are found in the Persian Gulf. Rubies and other precious 
stones are found in Farther India. 

Tin in great quantities is found in the island of Banca. 

"What are the chief exports of Asia? 

Valuable furs are exported from Siberia. Immense 
quantities of tea from China. Japanware, porcelain, and, 
camphor from Japan. Diamonds, opium, indigo, sugar, 
saltpetre, raw silk and cotton, and drugs are exported from 
Hindoostan. Pearls, shawls, carpets, and leather from 
Persia. Carpets, wool,, opium, rhubarb, and dried fruits 
from Turkey. The best coffee in the world, horses, myrrh, 
and frankincense from Arabia, Sugar, pepper, benzoin, 
and gamboge from Siam. . 

What two small islands at the entrance of Canton Bay ? 

Macao and- Hongkong. Victoria, the chief town of the 
latter, is an important seaport. 

Where is Lake Baikal, and for what is it noted ? 

Lake Baikal is in the southern part of Siberia, and la 
noted for its seal-fisheries. 

AVhat deserts in the Chinese Empire? 

The Desert of Gobi and Sandy Desert. 

What deserts in Arabia? 

The Desert of Akhaf and the Desert of el. Ahmed. 

What noted sea or lake in Turkey ? - 

The Dead Sea, or Lake x\sphaltit€S, 
6* B 



<J £ O R A P H 1 C A L Q tJ E S 1* I O N S , 





Lesson 71. 






AFRICA. 




What bounds Africa 


on the north ? 


East? South? West? - 


What countries in Africa? 




Countries. 

Morocco, 




Capitals. 

Morocco. 


Algeria, 
Tunis, 




Algiers. 
Tunis. 


Tripoli, 
Barca, 




Tripoli. 
Berne. 


Fezzan, 




Mourzouk. 


Egypt, 
Nubia, 




Cairo. 
Khartoom, 


Abyssinia, 

Zanguebar, 

Mozambique, 

Cape Colony, 

Ethiopia. 

(xuinea, 

Soudan, 




Gondar. 
Zanzibar. 
Mozambique. 
Cape Town. 

Loango. 
Sackatoo. 


Liberia, 




Monrovia. 


Senegambia, 




Batliurst. 


Sierra Leone, 




Freetown. 


What countries in the north? What countries in the east? 
What in the south ? What in the west ? 



Lesson 72. 

What are the principal rivers in Africa ? 

Nile, Niger, 

Zambeze, Senegal, 

Congo, Orange. 

What mountains in the north ? 

Atlas Mountains. 



^EO GRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. ^7 

What mountains in the east! 

Mountains of the Moon. 

What mountains in the south? 

Snow Mountains. 

What mountains in the west? 

Kong Mountains. 

What islands northwest of Africa? 

Canary, Madeira, and Azores. 

What islands west of Senegambia? 

Cape Verd Islands. 

What islands lie some distance southwest of Africa ? 

Ascension and St. Helena. 

What large island east of Mozambique? 

Madagascar. 

What islands east of Madagascar? 

Bourbon and Mauritius. 

What islands in the Mozambique Channel? 

Comoro. 

What islands northeast of Madagascar? 

Almirante, Seychelle, and Coetivi. 

What cape on the north? 

Cape Bon. 

What cape on the east ? 

Cape Guardafui. 

What cape on the south? 

Cape of Good Hope. 

What capes on the west? 

Cape Palmas, Cape Yerd, Cape Blanco, and Cape Bojador 

What gi'cat desert in the interior of Africa ? 

Sahara. 



68 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

To what is this subject? 

This desert is subject to a hot, dry wind, called the 
simoon, which sometimes causes great suffering. - 
"What are found in this desert? 
Verdant spots, called oases. 

Lesson 73. 

Locate and describe the following towns in Northern Africa. 
Morocco, Tunis, 

Algiers, Tripoli. 

Mogadore, 

Locate and describe the following towns in Eastern Africa. 
Cairo, Suez, 

Alexandria, Gondar, 

Damietta, Zanzibar. 

Locate and describe the following towns in Western Africa. 
St. Paul de Loando, Monrovia, 

Loango, Freetown, 

Abeokuta, Bathurst. 

Which are the six largest cities, in the order of their popu- 
lation ? 

Cairo, Algiers, 

Tunis, Fez, 

Morocco, Abeokuta. 

Lesson 74. 

For what is Africa noted? 

Africa is noted for its immense deserts, its pyramids and 
other monuments of antiquity, and its ferocious animals. 

What are som* of the most remarkable animals? 

The elephant, lion, rhinoceros, leopard, hippopotamus, 
zebra, antelope, camel, ostrich, and gorilla are the most 
noted animals in Africa. 



Q E O G R A P H I C A L Q U E S T I O :i S . 69 

Wliat are the principal exports of Africa ? 

The exports from Northern Africa are hides, olive oil, 
skins, leather, ivory, gum, wax, gold dust, ostrich feathers, 
and dates. 

The exports from Eastern Africa are gold^ ivory, senna, 
ostrich feathers, and gum. 

The exports from Cape Colony are wine, hides, ivory, 
and wool. 

The exports from Western Africa are palm oil, ivory, 
gold dust, gums, and dyewoods. 

In what direction is Africa from the United States ? 

In what direction is Afi-ica from Europe? 

In what direction is Africa from Asia ? 

In what direction is Algiers from Paris ? 

In what direction is Morocco from Algiers ? 

In what direction is Tunis from .Algiers ? 

In what direction is Cairo from Algiers ? 

Lesson 75. 

OCEANICA. 

Of what does Oceanica consist? 

Oceanica consists of the numerous islands lying southeast 
of Asia, and most of those in the Pacific Ocean.. 

How is Oceanica divided ? 

Oceanica is divided into Malaysia, Australasia, and 
Polynesia. . ^eVitOa. 

"What does Malaysia include? ^ 

b-iVlalaysia includes most of the islands that lie nearest to 
Asia on the southeast. 

Which are the most important of these islands ? 

Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Philippine Islands, Spice 
Islands, and Banca. 



70 G E G It A P 11 1. C A L : Q U E S Tl ^.ySC 

Which are the most important seaports in Malaysia? 

The most important seaports of Malaysia are Batavia, 
the capital of Jaya, and Manilla, the capital of the Philip- 
pine Islands, situated on the island of Luzon. 

What does Australasia comprise ? 

Australasia comprises Australia, Van Diemeu's Land or 
Tasmania, Papua or New Guinea, New Zealand, New Cale- 
donia, and many other smaller islands. 

Lesson 76. M 

What are the political divisions of Australia ? 

The political divisions of Australia are North Australia, 
South Australia, West Australia, New South Wales, Vic- 
toria, and Queensland. 

What are the most important towns? 

The most important towns are Melbourne and Sydney. 
Adelaide is the capital of South Australia, Perth o»f West 
Australia, and Brisbane of Queensland. 

What does Polynesia include ? 

Polynesia includes most of the islands scattered over the 
Pacific Ocean. 

Which are the most important groups ? 

The most important of these are the Sandwich, Society, 
Friendly, Marquesas, Central Archipelago, Magellan Archi- 
^|)elago, Ladrone, and Caroline Islands. » 

Whi<3h is the most important town in Polynesia ? 

Honolulu, on Oahu, one of the Sandwich Islands, is the 
only town of note in Polynesia. 

What may be said of the inhabitants of Oceiinica? 

The inhabitants of Oceanica belong either to the Malay, ■ 
01 the savage negro race called Papuans. . | 



\ GE'OGRAPHIC AL QUESTIONS, 71 

What sWalC. separates Ausirftlia £rom: Tasmania ? 

Bass*s Strait. 

What strait separates Australia from Papua ? 

Torres's Strait. 

What strait separates Sumatra from Java ? 

Strait of Sunda. 

What strait separates Borneo from Celebes ? 

Strait of Ma^cassar. 

Which is the largest river in Australia ? 

Murray. 

Which is the largest of the Sandwich Islands ? 

Hawaii is the largest of the Sandwich Islands, and is 
noted for its volcanoes, which are in a state of constant 
activity. 

Lesson 77. 

What are the principal productions of Malaysia? 

No part of the world is richer in vegetable productions 

than the islands of Malaysia. Coffee, rice, sugar, indigo, 

:mace, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, pepper, camphor, and all 

fruits common to tropical climates are produced in great 

abundance. 

What may be said of the minerals in Oceanica? 

Gold m very abundant in Australia and Borneo. It is 
found in Luzon, and in Sumatra. Diamonds are also found 
in Borneo, and, in some of the islands, pearls of very great 
value. 

Copper, iron, coal, and lead are found in large quantities 
in Australia. 

Banca is particularly noted for its mines of, tin. 

What are the principal exports of Oceanica ?.,.^^^„ ^ 

The principal exports are spices of all kinds, coffee. 



72 GE G R A P H 1 GAL Q U £ S T I O N S . 

sugar, rice, indigo, camplior, 'tin, hemp, wool, tobacco, 
gutta percba, gold, and pearls. 

In what direction from the United States is Australia ? 

In what direction from Australia is New Zealand ? 

In what direction from Australia are the Sandwich Islands? 

In what direction from the Sandwich Islands are the Society 
and Friendly Isles ? 

In what direction from the Sandwich Islands are the Marquesas 
and Washington Islands ? 

In what direction arc the Sandwich Islands from California ? 

What islands east of Australia ? 
- In what direction from Australia are the Friendly Isles? 

Lesson 78. 

What is the circumference of the eartli, or the distance round it? 
The circumference of the earth is about 25,000 miles. 
What is the diameter of the earth, or the distance through its 
centre ? 

^ The diameter of the earth is nearly 8000 miles. 
How may the surface of the earth be repi'esenied ? 
The surface of the earth may be represented on a globe, 
or on a plain surface called a map. 

How is the surfiice of the earth supposed to be divided? 

The surface of the earth is supposed to be divided by 
circles. 

V^hat are these circles called ? 

These circles are called the Equator, parallels of latitude,, 
meridians of longitude, and the Tropical and Polar circles. 

Note. — Circles that divide the earth into two equal parts are 
denominated great circles. Circles that divide the earth into 
unequal parts are small circles. The Equator and Meridians of 
longitude are great circles. 



"What is the axis of the earth? 

The axis of the earth is a straight line, supposed to be 
drawn through its centre from north to south, on which it 
turns. 

What are called the poles of the earth ? 

The ends of the earth's axis are called poles. The north- 
ern is called the North pole, and the southern is called the 
South pole. 

Lesson 79. 

What are Tropical circles? 

The parallels of latitude drawn 23^ degrees north and 
south of the Equator are called Tropical circles. The 
northern is called the Tropic of Cancer, and the southern 
the Tropic of Capricorn. 

What ai-e the Polar circles? 

The parallels of latitude drawn 23 J degrees from each 
pole are called Polar circles. , The northern is called the 
Arctic, and the southern is called the Antartic Circle. 

What are zones? 

The divisions of the earth's surface made by the Tropical 
and Polar circles are called zones. 

IIow many zones are there? 

There are five zones. The north frigid, the north tem- 
perate, the torrid, the south temperate, and the south frigid. • 

The frigid zones extend around each pole 23 i- degrees. 
. The temperate zones are between the torrid and frigid 
zones, and are about 43 degrees in width. 

The torrid zone extends 23 i degrees on each side of the 
Equator, and is 47 degrees wide. 

How are ea^h of the zones bounded ? 

What is Ihe breadth of each zone in degrees and statute mll«s? 



74 OEOGRAPHI C A L Q till ST IONS. 

lesson 80.'^ xioii*'^:..^ ; 

How is tke circumference of the earth divided ? 

The circumference of tlie earth is divided into 360 equal 
parts, called degrees, and the length of each degree is about 
69^ statute miles, or 60 geographical miles. 

Note. — The length of a degree of latitude being measured on 
a meridian is always the same ; but the length of a degree of 
longitude being measured on the Equator and the different 
parallels, becomes less and less toward each pole. 

Wha,t is latitude? 

. Latitude ft the distance of any place from the Equator, 
either north or south, and extends 90 degrees. 

What is longitude? 

Longitude is the distance of any place from any given 
meridian, either east or west, and extends 180 degrees. 

What is generally assumed as the first meridian ? 

The meridian passing through the royal observatory at 
♦ Greenwich is assumed by the English as the first meridian. 

Note. — Civilized nations, reckon the first meridian from 
their own capitals. The United States has adopted the meridian 
passing through Washington, and France the mei'idian passing 
through Paris. Washington is 77 degrees west of Greenwich. 

What is the Equator? 

The Equator is a great circle equally distant from the 
**poles, and divides the earth into two equal parts, called 
the northern and the southern hemisphere. 

Lesson 81. 

' "HxJw IS the Equator represented on a map of the world? 

The Equator is represented on a map of the world by a 
circle or line drawn from east to west, equally distant from 
each pole. 



G E O G « A-Pfl I C:A L. ^:V E S T I Q N a . i 

What are parallels of latitude? 

Parallels of latitude are circles or lines supposed to be 
drawn paraDel to the Equator. 

■ ■ - i 

How are parallels represented on a map or globe ? 
. Parallels are represented on a map or globe by circles or 
lines drawn from east to west, parallel to the Equator. 

What are meridians of longitude ? 

Meridians of longitude are great circles supposed to be 
drawn round the earth through the poles, cutting the 
Equator at right angles. 

How are meridians of lgngitud<e represented on a map? 

Meridians of longitude are represented on a map by 
circles or lines drawn from north to south, cutting the 
Equator at right angles. 

For what are latitude and longitude mainly used ? 
Latitude and longitude are mainly used to ascertain the 
direction and distances of places from one another. 

NoTK. — No place can have a gi-eater longitude than 180 de- 
grees, and a greater latitude than 90 degrees. It would be suffi- 
ciently accurate, for all practical purposes, to call a degree of 
latitude 70 miles. 

What is the distance in miles of one place from another place ; 
that is, two degrees directly north or south of it? 

vjJ^Jittle less than 140 miles. 

What is the distance in miles, if they are four degrees north 
or south of etich other? 

Lima is nearly in the same longitude as Washington, 
and the difference of latitude is little more than 50 degrees. 
What is the distance between them ? 
50 X 70 = 3500 miles. 



76 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Lesson 82. 

New Orleans and St. Louis are nearly in the same longi- 
tude, and the difference of latitude is 8^ degrees. 

What is tke distance in a direct line? 

70 X 8^ = 595, or nearly 600 miles. 

Quebec and Boston are nearly in the same longitude, and 
the difference of latitude is 4^ degrees. 

What is the distance? 

70 X ^ = 303, or about 300 miles. 

Tallahassee and Lansing are nearly in the same longi- 
tude, and the difference of latitude is 12 degrees. 

What is the distance between them ? 

70 X 12 = 840 miles, nearly. 

Algiers is nearly in the same longitude as Paris, and the 
difference of latitude is 12 degrees. 

What is the distance between them? 

70 X 12 = 840 miles, nearly. 

NoTK. — The length of a degree of longitude corresponding to 
every fifth degree of latitude may be ascertained from tables. 
(See table, on last page.) 

The city of New York and Columbus, in Ohio, are nearly 
in the same latitude. The difference of longitude is 9 de- 
grees, and the length of a degree of longitude correspond-, 
ing to the latitude of New York is 53 miles. 

What is the distance between them? 

53 X 9 = 477 miles, or nearly 500 miles. 

Providence and Chicago are nearly in the same latitude. 
The difference in longitude is 164 degrees, and the length 
of a degree of longitude is about 52 miles. 

What is the distance between them ? n 

52 X I'oi = 842 miles, or about 800 miles. 



GbBO G E A P II i C A L Q U E 8 T IONS. 77 

Lesson 83. 

. What i3 the distance between Providence and Rome ? Between 
Washington and Sacramento City ? 

NoTK. — When places are not nearly of the same latitude or 
longitude, first ascertain the distance between them in degrees 
by the difference of latitude and longitude. This distance, repre- 
sented by lines, will form the two sides of a right angled tri- 
angle. The third side may be found by the square root. 

The difference of latitude between Philadelphia and New 
Orleans is about 10 degrees, or 700 miles, nearly. The 
difference of longitude is 15 degrees. The length of a 
degree of longitude corresponding to the latitude of Phila-r 
delphia is 53 miles, or 15 + 53= 795 miles. The square 
root of the sum of the squares of the two numbers is about 
1050. 

Ascertain, by means of latitude and longitude, the approximate 
distances between the following places : 

What is the distapce between AVashington and Cincinnati? 
Between Boston and Madison ? Between Savannah and Cleve- 
land? Between Boston and Marseilles? Between Washington 
and Athens? Between New York and Constantinople ? Between 
Washington and Pekin ? Between Washington and Lima ? Be- 
tween New York and the city of Mexico ? 

Note. — When maps are accurately drawn, the distances from 
one place to another may be ascertained by means of a pair of 
dividers or a rule, using the scale of miles at the bottom of the 
map. 

Lesson 84. 

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW AND EXAMINATION. 

How many oceans are there ? 
Between what countries is the Atlantic Ocean ? 
Between what countries is the Paci^c Ocean? 
Where is the Indian Ocean? '^^^^'^ ^'- 
7* 



78 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Where is the Arctic or Northern Ocean? 
Where is the Southern or Antarctic Ocean? 
How wide is the Atlantic Ocean? 

8000 miles wide. 

How wide ig the Pacific ? 

10,000 miles wide. 

What is the extent of the Indian Ocean? 

6500 miles long, and from 4000 to 6000 miles wide. 

What are the boundaries of the temperate zones ? 

What are the boundaries of the torrid and fjigid zones ? 

How many degrees of longitude can a place have ? 

How many degrees of latitude can a place hare ? 

Where is Prince William's Land? 

Where is GrinnelPs Land? 

What island north of Hudson's Bay? 

Where is Melville Island and Sound? 

What bay east of Hudson's Bay ? 

What bay south of Hudson's Bay? 

What rivers flow into Hudson's Bayi 

What river flows into Great Slave Lake? 

What lakes in British America? 

What sound south of Ptussian America? 

What sound west of Russian America? 

What river flows into Norton Sound? 

What two archipelagoes southwest of Russian America? 

Prince of Wales and George III. 

Where is Fraser's River, and for what is it noted? 

What is the most Western cape of the United States ? 

Lesson 85. 

What names are given to the different ranges of the Rocky 
Mountains, in the western pai't of the United States ? 

What names are given to the different ranges of the Alleghany 
Mountains, through their entire length, on the eastern coast ? 

What mountains in California near the soacoast? 

What river in Oregon flows into the CoUi.mbia lUvcr ? 



i 



i 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS." 79 

What lake in Minnesota is the source of the Mississippi? 

Itasca. 

Which is the largest lake of fresh water on the globe ? 

Lake Superior. 

Which is further from Canton, Ne\r York or San Francisco? 

Where is ChaleurBay? 

W^here is Georgian Bay ? 

Where is Green Bay ? 

What lake northeast of Georgian Bay ? 

Where is James's Bay ? 

What forts on the west side of Hudson's Bay ? 

What mountains in Russian America ? 

Mount Elias and Mount Fairweather. Mount Elias is 
the highest mountain in North America, being 17,860 feet 
in height. 

What three States border on the north bank of the Ohio River? 

W^hat two States border on the south bank? 

What States border on the east bank of the Mississippi River ? 

What States border on the west bank of the Mississippi River ? 

What States are separated by the. Connecticut River ? 

What by the Delaware River? 

What by the Potomac River ? 

What by the Savannah River? 

What by the Chattahoochee River ? 

What by the Sabine River ? 

Lesson 86. 

What river between Mexico arid Texas ? 
What river forms a part of the northern boundary of Texas ? 
AVhat river separates Florida from Alabama ? 
What rivers separate Maine from New Hampshire ? 
What river forms part of the boundary between Western Vir- 
ginia and Kentucky ? 

Draw the Penobscot River and its branches, and locate the 
important towna on its banks, stating on which bank each town 
is situated. 



80 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Draw the Ohio River and its branches, and locate the important 
towns on its banks. 

Draw the Illinois River and its branches, and locate the im- 
portant towns on its banks. 

Draw the Mississippi and its branches, and locate the important 
towns on its banks. 

Draw the Missouri River and its branches, and locate the im- 
portant towns on its banks. 

What important canal in INIichigan? 

A canal around the Rapids of St. Mary's Eiver, whicli 
obstruct navigation between Lake Superior and Lake 
Huron. The depth of the water in the canal is 12 feet. 

"Where is Port Royal? 

Where is St. Helena Sound or Inlet ? 

Where is Key West? 

Where are the Tortugas? » 

For what is San Francisco noted? 

San Francisco is the great, metropolis of the Pacific 
Ocean. It has one of the finest and safest harbors on the 
globe, which communicates with the Pacific Ocean through 
a strait one mile in width, called the Golden Gate. 

What lake northwest of the City of Mexico ? 

What lake near the City of Mexico ? 

What cluster of islands about nine hundred miles east of 
South Carolina ? 

Lesson 87. 

For what is Turk Island, one of the Bahamas, noted ? 

Turk Island is famous for its salt ponds, from which salt 
is obtained in large quantities. 

For what is Central America noted? 

Central America i& noted for the numerous volcanoes 
along its Pacific coastj many of which are in an active state. 



G E O G R A r II I C AT. Q U E S T I O N S -• 81' 

Wiiere i^ tlie Mosquito Teri-itory ? 

The Mosquito Territory extends along the eastern shore 
of Central America, and is inhabited by a race of Indians. 
• What is the eastern cape of Central America? 

Where is Aspinwall, and how is it connected with. Panama? 

For what is Bogota noted ? 

Bogota is noted for the fails of Tequendama near it, 
which are on a branch of the IMagdalena Jiiver. The 
water descends in an unbroken mass from 600 to 900 feet. 

Where is Cuzco,- and for what is it noted? 

Cuzco is south of the centre of Peru, and is celebrated 
as the residence of the ancient Incas. 

By whom are the vast plains in Brazil inhabited? 

The vast plains called pampas are inhabited by herdsmen 
called guachos, who acquire great skill in the use of the 
lasso in catching cattle. 

IIow do pampas, selvas, and llanos differ? 

Where is the volcano of Aconcagua situated . 

What is the chief city of Bolivia ? 

La Paz is the chief city of Bolivia, and is situated oa a 
branch of the Beni in the western part of the St^te. 

What is the .chief seaport for Bolivia ? 

Arica, in Peru, is the chief seaport for Bolivia. 

What part of the coast of South America is sometimes called 
the Spanish Main ? 

The nortlieru part of Southi America, bordering on the 
Caribbean Sea, is sometimes called the Spanish Main. 

Lesson 88. 

■.Which are the six largest cities on the globe, in the order of 
their population ? 



53 G K O G K A P H I C A L Q U E S T J O N S . 

London, 2,803,000; Pekiii, 2,000,000; Paris, 1,096,000 ; 
Jedo, 1,500,000;' Canton, 1,000,000; New York, 814,000. 

What city has the largest commerce on the globe ? 

London. 

AVhich is second in comniei'cial importance? 

New York. 

"Which are the five largest islands on the globe, in the oi-der 
of their size ?• 

Australia, Greenland, Borneo, New Guinea, and Mada- 
gascar. 

Which are the ftvehighest mountains on the globe ? 

Everest (Him. Mts.), 29,000 feet; Kunchingiuga (Him. 
Mts.), 28,176 feet; Dha^valaghiri (Him. Mts,), 2^000 
feet; Aconcagua (Chi.), 28,910 feet; Chimborazo (Eq.), 
21,420 feet. 

Which are five of the longest rivers on the globe? 

Mississippi and Missouri, 4,100 miles; Amazon, 4,000 
miles; Nile, 3,000 miles; Yang-tse-Kiang, 2,800 miles; 
Lena, 2,600 miles. 

What is the northern cape of Scotland? 

What are the southern and southeastern capes of Engltnd? 

What is the southern cape of Iceland? 

What mountifiins in Scotland ? 

What lochs' or lakes in Scotland ? 

W:hat ft-iths or firths in Scotland ? 

What rivers in England flow into the North Sea? 

Which is the largest lake in England? 

Lake Windermere. 

Where is. Lough Neagh? 

What bays on the Avestern coast of Ireland ? 

What two ranges of mountains separat-e Europe from Asia? 

W'hat mountains between France and Spain ? 

What mountains between Sweden and Norway? 



a E O G R A I? II I C A r. QUESTIONS." 83 

Lesson 89. 

What mountains in France ? 

What mountain separates Italy from France and Switzerland ? 

What range extends through Italy ? : 

What mountains in Turkey ? 

What mountains in Austria ? 

What mountains in Sv/itzerland ? 

What volcano near Naples ? 

What volcano in Sicily? 

Where is the volcano Stroniboli ? 

In one of the Lipari Islands. 

What countries border on the Mediterranean Sea ? 

What countries border on the Baltic Sea ? 

Wbut natural curiosity in Scotland? 

The most remarkabie curiostty in Scotland is FingaPs 
Cave, on the isLind of Staifa, one of the Hebrides, and is 
nearly 70 feet in height, and abont 130 feet in length. 

l^liat' Natural curiosity in Ireland? 

The most noted curiosity in Ireland is the Griant's Cause- 
way, 700 feet in length, and about 350 feet in breadth. It 
is composed- of 40,000 pillars or columns of rock. 

To whom does Malta belong? 

Malta is an important naval station, and belongs to 
Great Britain. Its capital, Valetta,.is strongly fortified. 

What are the dimensions of the Mediterranean Sea ? .. 

The Mediterranean Sea is about 2200 miles lohg, and 
1200 miles wide. 

What is the largest lake in Europe? - - ^^•^^ 

Lake Ladoga, in Russia, is the largest lake' in E^'i^ope. 
It is about one-fifth the size of Lake Superior, and dis- 
charges its surplus ^atcxs.into tbiB.Qiilf .of Finland, 



Sli; G E GRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Lesson 90. 

Locate and describe the following places : 

Vienna, Leipsic, Euda, 

Prague, Hanover, Konigsberg, 

Berlin, Geneva, Hamburg, 

Munich, Trieste, Frankfort, 

Dresden, Berne, Bremen. 

Which are the highest mountains in Europe ? 

The highest mountains in Europe are the Alps, in 
Switzerland. 

"Which is ih.e highest peak of the Alps ? 

Mount Blanc. 

Draw the Rhine and its branches, and locate the important 
towns on its banks. 

Draw the Rhone and its branches, and locate the important 
towns on its banks. 

Draw the Danube and its branches, and locate the important 
towns on its banks. 
-What may be said of Rome ? 

Rome is the most celebrated city of ancient or modern 
times. It is renowned for its remains of ancient art and 
for its splendid palaces. The Cathedral of St. Peter is 
the noblest structure ever built by man. The coliseum, 
the forum, the pantheon, the arch of Constantino, the 
amphitheatre, and the various baths, are all grand speci- 
mens of ancient architecture. 

What may be said of Corinth? 

Corinth was one of the most splendid cities of ancient 
Greece. The remains of its former grandeur are still dis- 
cernible in its ruined walls, its decayed temple and publie 
e^ifi^'jM. 



O EOGRAPHIC A L QUESTIONS. 85 

What may be said of Athens? 

Athens, the capital of modern Greece, was one of the 
inost flourishing cities of antiquity. It was the centre of 
learning and refinement for a long period. It has now 
many attractions for the scholar and the artist. 

Lesson 91. 

Between what degrees of latitude and longit.ude are the 
United States? 

Within what degrees of latitude are the Eastern States ? 

How can the waters of Lake Champlain reach the ocean ? 

What cities on the globe are within the 43 and 87 degrees 
north latitude ? 

What cities on the globe are within the 37 and 30 degrees 
north latitude. * 

What State is celebrated for its hot springs ? 

There are celebrated hot springs in Arkansas, about 60 
miles southwest of Little Rock. 

In what part of Kentucky is the mammoth cave ? 

The celebrated mammoth cave is about 130 miles south- 
west of Lexington. 
- W'hat natural curiosity in California? 

One of the most remarkable curiosities in California is 
the hot sulphur springs, 90 miles north of Benicia, from 
which boiling water is thrown 10 to 15 feet high. 

What natural curiosities in Virginia ? 

The Natural Bridge over Cedar Creek, 120 miles west 
of Richmond, and V/ier's Cave, 18 miles northeast of 
Stanton, are the most remarkable curiosities in Virginia. 

What mountains separate Siberia from the Chinese Empire? 

What mountain between Turkestan and Little Bokhara? 

Where is the great Desert of Cobi? 
8 



86 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Lesson 92. 

Wliat name is given to the northern part of the Chinese Em- 
pire? 

What does British India comprise? - -- r qx. &iit' ,£0 . 

British India comprises most of 'tie '"greats central 
peninsulas of Southern Asia. It is divided into the Presi- 
dency of Bengal, Presidency of Bombay, the Presidency 
of Madras, the Province of Punjab, and the Sinde, Nearly 
all Hindoostan belongs to British India. 
/'What is the capital of Britigk India? 

Calcutta. - "-- -• ■-■\x ■ '^ 

Where is Penang? 

Penang, an island in the Strait of Malacca, belongs to 
British India. 

Where is Siiigapore ? 

Singapore is an island oif the coast of Malacca, and 
belongs to British India. ~ 

Note. — Penang and Singapore are stopping places for British 
steamers from Suez and Hongkong. Point dejOalle, a seajDort 
of Ceylon, and Madras, are stopping places for steamers to 
Calcutta. 

Where is Muscat ? 

Muscat, a seaport on the Indian Ocean, is a key to the 
the entrance of the Persian Gulf, and is the emporium of 
Eastern Arabia. 

Where is Aden? 

Aden, a seaport of Southern Arabia, belongs to Great 
Britain, and is a strongly fortified town. It is a stopping 
place for steamers between India and Suez. 

In -what country of \sia is Palestine, or the Holy Land? 



GEO G 11 A 1> li I C A L Q U ii S T I N S . 87 

Lesson 93. 

Where are ancient Jerusalem, Nineveh, Babylon, and Balbec 
situated ? . 

Where is Goa ? 

Goa, the capital of the Portugese gettlements in ludia, is 
on an island on the west coast of Hindoostan. 

Where is Shanghai ? 

Shanghai is on Wosiing River, l-i miles from the sea, 
southeast from Nankin. 

Of what does the Turkish Empire consist? 

The Turkish Empire consists of Turkey in xisia, Turkey 
in Europe, Tunis, Tripoli, and Egypt in Africa. 

What is the capital of Turkey ? 

Constantinople. 

What sea between Arabia and Africa? 

What large gulf on the west coast of Africa? 

AVhat noted i^iiins on the Nile ? 

The ruins of Thebes. 

For what is Egypt particularly noted? 

Egypt is celebrated for the magnificent remains of monu- 
ments of ancient art. 

Into what is the interior of Africa divided? 

The interior of Africa is divided into Sahara, Soudan, 
and Ethiopia. 

What large oases in the north of Sahara? 

Fezzan. 

Where is the Beled el .Jerid? 

Where is Lake Tchad, and what river flows into it ? 

Where is the peak of Teneriffe? 

The peak of TcueriiFe is on the island of Teneriffe, the 
larjrest of the ('anary Islands. 



M GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 

Lesson 94. 

What is that part of Egypt embraced by the mouth of the 
Mle ? 

What are the islands of Malaysia sometimes called? 

The East Indies, oi' East Indian Arcliipelago. 

What European powers have possessions in Malaysia ? 

Great Britain, Holland, Spain, and Portugal. 

What is the capital of the Spanish possessions in the East ? 

Manilla. 

To what group does Tahiti belong? 

Tahiti is the principal of the Society Islands. 

Where is the island of Sumbawa, and for what is it noted ? 

Sumbawa lies east of Java, and is noted for the terrible 
volcano of Tomboro. 

Draw the Brahmaputra Eiver and its branches, and locate and 
describe the important towns upon its banks. 

Draw the Ganges River and its branches, and locate the im- 
portant towns upon its banks. 

What small bays east of Newfoundland? 
- What small bays south and west of Newfoundland ? 

What name is given to the range of mountains in the eastern 
part of Canada? 

What river connects Lake Champlain with the St. Lawrence 
River? 

What river flows into Georgian Bay? 

What small lake northwest of Lake Ontario? 

What island in the northern part of Lake Huron? 

Name all the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ? . ' 

What bay or inlet nearly drvides Cape Breton Island? 

What river flows into the northern part of Lake Ontario ? 

What islands in Lake Champlain belong to Vermont ? 

What mountains in Vermont, and what are the principal 
peaks? 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 89 

Lesson 95. 

What peak in the southwestern part of New Hampshire? 
"What two peaks in Massachusetts near Connecticut K,iver ? 
What peak a little north of the centre of Massachusetts? 
What small island southeast from the mouth of the river 
Thames ? 

What island between Long Island and New Jersey, at the 
mouth of the Hudson River? 

What great work in Delav/are Bay to protect vessels from 
Rtorm and ice ? 

What island between Albemarle and Pamlico Sound, east of 
the coast of North Carolina ? 
Where is Ocracoke Inlet ? 

What bay and sound off the coast of South Carolina? 
What small islands at the entrance of Charleston harbor? 
Where is Port Royal Island and Hilton Head? 
What small island off tlie coast of Georgia? 
What small island south and southwest of Florida? 
What is a peculiar feature of the southern part of Florida? 
What obstructs navigation in Tennessee River? 
Muscle Shoals. A canal, 36 miles in length, has been 
made around these shoals. 

What canal around the falls in the Ohio River? 
Locate and describe the following places: 
Newbern, Springfield (Mo.), St. Helena, Memphis, Vicks- 
burg, Chattanooga, Galveston, Gordonsville, Cumberland 
Gap, Corinth, Ship Island, and Tybee Island. 
What bays on the coast of Texas ? 
What volcano near Guatimala ? 

Which of the West India Islands belong to Great Britain? 
Which to Spain? 
Which to France? 
Which to HoUand? 
Which to Denmark ? 
Which to Sweden and Venezuela? 
8* 



9A; G E O G E A P II I C A L Q U E S TI N S . 

Lesson 96. 

What countries of South America lie wholly in the torrid zone ? 

What countries are crossed by the Equator? 

What countries are crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn? 

In what latitude is the mouth of the Amazon ? 

In what latitude is the mouth of the Rio de la Plata ? 

What two rivers form most of the boundary of Paraguay ? 

In what direction is Assumption from Buenos Ayres? 

For what is the climate of Peru remarkable ? 

How far is Lima from its port, Callao? 

What volcano in Equador? 

What high peak near Quito ? 

Between what parallels of latitude is South America situated? 

Between what meridians of longitude ? 

Which extends further south, South America or Africa ? 

Which extends further north. South America or Africa ? 

Of what does the central part of South America consist? 

Of what does the central part of Africa consist ? 

What part of Africa lies in the torrid zone ? 

Draw the western coast of Africa and the eastern coast of 
South America, and compare them. 

How many degrees further north does Africa extend than 
South America ? 

Locate and describe Cayenne, Maranham, Montevideo, As- 
sumption, Parana, Santa F6, Cordova, Arica, Arequipa, Quito, 
and Popayan. 

What parallel of latitude forms the northern boundary of the 
torrid zone ? 

What parallel of latitude forms the southern boundary of the 
torrid zone ? 

What is the breadth of the torrid zone in degrees and statute 
miles ? 

What countries, and what are the principal islands, in the 
torrid zone ? 

What are the most noted animals and productions of the torrid 
Bone? 



a E O G R A P II I C A T. QUESTIONS. 91 

Lesson 97. 

yShjBki iar.e tUe .most noted animals and productions of the tem- 
perate zone? - . : -. 

What are the principal productions and animals of the frigid 
7one ? ,. : :,- 

Between what parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude 
is Australia situated ? 

On the 21st of June^ which has the longeist day^ New "^ork or 
London, and wh^t -i ^il-r^ra'^-i ir-ve'I "io ois^rsah tii3 ?.: ^yr. • 

On the &lst of March"^ which has the longest ^day, Lima or 
Paris ? 

When it is spring in Australia, what is the season in the 
United States? .. ;.,.o ^ ?;>-.:^^r: 

When it is winter in Chili, what is the season in London? 

When it is 12 m. in London, what time is it at San Francisco? 

When it is 6 a. m. at Washington, what time is it at Canton ? 

Through what countries, islands, and bodies of water does 
the Equator pass ? 

What cities in the United States are nearly in the same lati- 
tude as Cincinnati? 

Whlit mountain in Wales ? 

What bay west of Wales? 

What hills between England and Scotland ? 

What hills in Scotland north of the river Tay? 
'What are the principal towns in Wales ? 

l*y what channel are the North and Irish Seas connected? 

Which is the southern cape of Ireland ? 

Which is the northernmost head of Ireland ? 

Which is the largest river in Ireland ? 

What river flows into Bristol Channel? 

What channel south of Wales ? 

What channel between Ireland and Wales? 

What islands lie in the Irish Sea? 

What island on the south coast of England? 

Where is Dover Strait, and ho-sv wide is it ? 

Between France and England, and is 22 miles wide. 



92 GEOGRAPHICAL QUE STIOiJS. 

Lesson 98. 

- : Where is Ghent, and for what is it noted ? 

What may be said of Antwerp ? 

Antwerp is tlie chief commercial city in Belgium, and 

contains one of the most magnificent cathedrals m Europe. 

Draw the Rhine, llhone, and Seine, and locate the important 
iowns^n each ? 

Where is the river Scheldt, and where does it empty ? 

What is the port of Athens? 

Piraeus. 

For what is Genoa celebrated ? 

What is the chief commercial city in Italy ? 

Leghorn. 

What is the capital of Hungary ? 

What is the capital of Sardinia? 

Where is Milan, and for what celebrated ? 

Milan is in Sardinia, north of the river Po, and is cele- 
brated for its superb cathedral of pure white marble, 
which is said to contain 4000 statues. 

What town^on the Danube opposite to Buda? 

Pesth, with which it is connected by one of the finest 
suspension bridges in Europe. 

Where are the Hartz Mountains and the Black Forest ? 

Locate and describe the following places : 

Seville, Granada, Palermo, Syracuse, Cagliari, Ajaccio, 
Gottingen, Dresden, Cracow, and Stuttgard. 

Where are Mounts Horeb and Sinai ? 

What noted river flows into the Dead Sea ? 

Through what lakes does it flow ? 

The river Jordan flows south through Lakes Merom and 
Tiberias, or Genesnretb. into the Dead- Sea. 



OtOGR APIIIC A L QUESTIONS. 9S 

Lesson 89. . 

Wlicre is Jerusalem, and for what celebrated ? 

Jerusalem, in the soutliwestern part of Syria, is the 
most distinguished city of ancient Palestine, and is deeply 
interesting as the seat of the most important events re- 
corded in the Holy Scriptures. 

Where is Damascus, and what may be said of it ? ^ 

Damascus, in the southeastern part cf Syria, is supposed 
to be the most ancient city in the world. It is, regarded 
by the 3Iahomedans as a holy city, and one of their four 
terrestrial paradises. It is the chief emporium of trade 
with Bagdad, Reshd, and the neighboring countries. 

Where is Bagdad? 

Bagdad is on both sides of the Tigris, about 200 miles 
above its junction with the Euphrates, and is built on the 
ruins of the ancient Ctesiphon. 

Where is Benares, and what may be said of it ? 

Benares, on the left bank of the (Tanges, northwest of 
Calcutta, is regarded as the ecclesiastical metropolis of 
the Hindoos. 

What may be said of the river Ganges ? 

The waters of the Ganges are regarded, in many places, 
as sacred by the Hindoos. 

Draw the Ganges and its branches, and locate the important 
towns on its banks. 

Where is Mount Ophir? 

Mount Ophir is in the southern part of the peninsula 

of Malacca. Small quantities of gold are found at its base. 

There is also a. mountain called Ophir in Sumatra. 

What are the different races of men, and what portions of the: 
gloKe do they inhabit? 



94 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 



Lesson 100. 

What are the physical characteristics of each race ? 

Into what classes may mankind be divided, in respect to their 
ocial condition ? 

What are the mentaland moral characteristics of each class? 

What are the prevailing systems of religion among mankind ? 

WMt system embraces the largest number of people, and 
what are the characteristics of each ? 

What are the different modes and forms of government, and 
how are they distinguished? 

What is commerce, and what is meant by exports and imports'] 

What are the trade winds, and in what direction do they 
blow? 

What are the currents of the ocean, and what is often their 
velocity ? 

What is the Gulf Stream, and what may be said of it ? 

Describe the route and the waters a steamer would pass 
through in going from New York to San Francisco? 

From New York to Melbourne? 

From San Francisco to Canton? 

From New York to Manilla ? 

From London to Calcutta? 

From St, Petersburg to Marseilles ? 

From Venice to Dantzic? 

From Boston to Smyrna ? 

From Nashville to Providence? 

From Chicago to Washington? 

From Vienna to Berlin ? - 

Through what bodies of water Avould a vessel pass in con- 
veying wheat from Odessa to London ? 

In conveying wheat from Dantzic and Konigsberg to Dubliri ? 

Through what waters would a vessel pass in going from New 
Orleans to Smyrna ? 

Through what waters would a vessel pass in going from Gal- 
veston to Cronstadt? 



OEOQ R APni C A fi QUESTIONS. 95 

Lesson 101. 

What water communication with Lake Michigan and the Gulf 
of Mexico ? 

From Lake Michigan through Illinois Canal into Illi- 
nois River, or through the canal into Wisconsin River, 
from thence into the Mississippi River, and into the Gulf 
of Mexico. 

What water communication with Lake Michigan and the Gulf 
of St. Lawrence ? 

From Lake Michigan into Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, 
and Lake Erie, from thence through the Welland Canal 
into Lake Ontario, from thence through Rideau Canal into 
Ottawa River, into the St. Lawrence River, and into the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

Through what waters would a vessel pass in going from Tre- 
bisonde to Dantzic ? 

Through what waters would a vessel pass in going from St. 
Petersbui'g, the capital of lUissia, to Manilla? 

What route from London to Calcutta and Hongkong? 

By steamer or railroad to Marseilles, from thence by 
steamer to Alexandria, across the isthmus by railroad to 
Suez, from thence bv steamer to Calcutta or Hono-kons;. 

Another route is from Hamburg by railroad to Trieste, 
from thence by Austrian steamer to Alexandria. 



Note. — Each pupil should have a blank book, and when the 
Oinswers to questions are long or contain many particulars, they 
should write them in their books, that they may be always 
recited in the same order. 



96 



GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 



A table showing the latitude and longitude of forty important 
places, in degrees, halves, and thirds of a degree, which is suf- 
ficiently accurat? This table should be committed thoroughly 
to memory. 



Washington.... 

New York 

Boston 

Portland 

Quebec 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

Nashville 

St. Louis 

New Orleans ... 

Mexico 

San Francisco. 
Salem (Oregon) 

Havana 

Charleston...... 

Lima - 

Rio Janeiro .... 

Bahia 

Santiago 

Buenos Ayres.. 



Lat. 

89 N. 
40f N. 

4-4 N. 
43f N. 
46f N. 
42 N. 
30 N. 
36 N. 
38* N. 
20| N. 
19iN. 
37tN. 



Loug. 



45 

23 

32f 

12 

22* 

13" 

33| 

34* 



77 


W. 1 


74 


w. 


71 


w. 


70 


w. I 


7H 


w. 1 


57* 


w. 1 


84* 


w. 


8H^ 


vv. 1 


90 


W. 1 


90 


w. 


103| 


w. 


12>* W. 


123* W. 


82^ 


w. 


80 


w. 


77 


w. 


43 


w. 


38* W. 1 1 


70f 


w. 


58^ 


w. 



Paris 

.Madrid 

Marseilles 

Lisbon 

Home. 

Constantinople 
St. Petersburg. 

Stockholm 

Calcutta 

Canton 



Algiers 

Muscat 

Berlin 

Vienna 

Smyrna 

Alexandria . 
Batavia .... 
Melbourne.. 



Lat. 


Long. 


51* N. 





48f N. 


2^ E. 


40* N. 


3^ E. 


43^ N. 


H E. 


^^ N. 


9 W. 


41| N. 


12M^. 


41 N. 


29 E. 


60 N. 


30^ E. 


59^ N. 


18 E. 


22^ N. 


88-JE. 


23 N. 


113 E. 


14^ N. 


121 E. 


3B| N. 


3 E. 


23* N. 


58| E. 


52f N. 


13J E. 


48 N. 


16^E. 


38* N. 


27 E. 


31^ N. 


30 E. 


6 S. 


107 E. 


37t S. 


145 E. 



A table showing the length 
spending to every fifth degree 
the 85th degree. 



of a degree of longitude, corre- 
of latitude from the Equator to 



egrees 


Miles. 


Degrees. 


Miles. 


0, 


69^ 


30, 


60 


5, 


69 


3.5, 


57 


10, 


63 


40, 


53 


15, 


67 


45, 


49 


20, 


>^^— ^ 


50, 


44* 


'''/ 


^6«JOi-Jj 




40 



'i^ 



4j 



f«^ 



^& 



Tm" 

>/'- 
^ 



END 



Degrees. 


Miles. 


QO, 


32^ 


C5, 


29 


70, 


24 


75, 


15 


80, 


12 


85, 


6 



021 650 970 5 



H. COWPERTHW. 
BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS, 

Invite the attention of the Public to the follo\ring 
VALUABLE SCHOOL BOOKS. 

WARREN'S SERIES OF GEOGRAPHIES. 

THE PRIMARY GEOGRAPriY. ^ 

THE COMMON-SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY. 

THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

These three hooka form a complete geographical coarse, 
adapted to all ;rrudes «»f Rchords. The series is used in most 
of tfie principal cities and towns of the United States, and 
Avherever the books have been adopted, they have received 
the warmest eommendationa of those who have used or ex- 
amined them. 

* 

GREENE'S SERIES OF ENGLISH GRAMMARS. 

GREENE'S INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF 
ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 

GREENE'S ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 

GMEENEg ANALYSIS OP THE ENGLISH LAN- 
GUAGE. 

This valuable scries of school books was prepared by Prof. 
Samuel S. Greene, of Brown University, Provideuce, "Rhode 
Island. The best recommendation of them is the fact that 
they are in g moral use as toxt-Vjooks in the higher order of 
schools in ail parts of the United States. 



BERARD'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

a .... 

This school history is written in a most attractive style ; 
and the prominent events of our country's history are pre- 
sented in so pleasing a manner that the book cannot fail 
greatly to interest and instruct the pupil. 



